Effects of platycodin D on IL-1β-induced inflammatory response in human osteoarthritis chondrocytes

Qu, Yanlong; Zhou, Li; Wang, Chunlei

doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2016.09.025

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay results showed no obvious cytotoxicity of PD (up to 10 μM) toward mouse macrophage cells in the presence of LPS although a trend toward decreased cell viability was observed ( Figure 6 b ( n = 3, p > 0.05)). The findings of this work concur with the previous data and suggest that PD inhibited inflammatory marker production in RAW 264.7 cells [ 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Biocatalysis of Platycoside E and Platycodin D3 Using Fungal Extracellular β-Glucosidase Responsible for Rapid Platycodin D Production

Ahn

You

Park

et al. 2018

IJMS

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Platycodi radix (i.e., Platycodon grandiflorum root) products (e.g., tea, cosmetics, and herbal supplements) are popular in East Asian nutraceutical markets due to their reported health benefits and positive consumer perceptions. Platycosides are the key drivers of Platycodi radixes’ biofunctional effects; their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical activities are primarily related to the number and varieties of sugar side-chains. Among the various platycosides, platycodin D is a major saponin that demonstrates various nutraceutical activities. Therefore, the development of a novel technology to increase the total platycodin D content in Platycodi radix extract is important, not only for consumers’ health benefits but also producers’ commercial applications and manufacturing cost reduction. It has been reported that hydrolysis of platycoside sugar moieties significantly modifies the compound’s biofunctionality. Platycodi radix extract naturally contains two major platycodin D precursors (platycoside E and platycodin D3) which can be enzymatically converted to platycodin D via β-d-glucosidase hydrolysis. Despite evidence that platycodin D precursors can be changed to platycodin D in the Platycodi radix plant, there is little research on increasing platycodin D concentrations during processing. In this work, platycodin D levels in Platycodi radix extracts were significantly increased via extracellular Aspergillus usamii β-d-glucosidase (n = 3, p < 0.001). To increase the extracellular β-d-glucosidase activity, A. usamii was cultivated in a culture media containing cellobiose as its major carbon source. The optimal pH and temperature of the fungal β-d-glucosidase were 6.0 and 40.0 °C, respectively. Extracellular A. usamii β-d-glucosidase successfully converted more than 99.9% (w/v, n = 3, p < 0.001) of platycoside E and platycodin D3 into platycodin D within 2 h under optimal conditions. The maximum level of platycodin D was 0.4 mM. Following the biotransformation process, the platycodin D was recovered using preparatory High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and applied to in vitro assays to evaluate its quality. Platycodin D separated from the Platycodi radix immediately following the bioconversion process showed significant anti-inflammatory effects from the Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage inflammatory responses with decreased nitrite and IL-6 production (n = 3, p < 0.001). Taken together, these results provide evidence that biocatalysis of Platycodi radix extracts with A. usamii may be used as an efficient method of platycodin D-enriched extract production and novel Platycodi radix products may thereby be created.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Biocatalysis of Platycoside E and Platycodin D3 Using Fungal Extracellular β-Glucosidase Responsible for Rapid Platycodin D Production

Ahn

You

Park

et al. 2018

IJMS

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“…Pre-polarized macrophages were treated with various concentrations of Kin. The proteins were extracted and used for Western blot analyses as reported previously 24 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinsenoside attenuates osteoarthritis by repolarizing macrophages through inactivating NF-κB/MAPK signaling and protecting chondrocytes

Zhou

Mei

Han

et al. 2019

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B

236

143

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The objective was to investigate the effect of kinsenoside (Kin) treatments on macrophage polarity and evaluate the resulting protection of chondrocytes to attenuate osteoarthritis (OA) progression. RAW264.7 macrophages were polarized to M1/M2 subtypes then administered with different concentrations of Kin. The polarization transitions were evaluated with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), confocal observation and flow cytometry analysis. The mechanism of Kin repolarizing M1 macrophages was evaluated by Western blot. Further, macrophage conditioned medium (CM) and IL-1β were administered to chondrocytes. Micro-CT scanning and histological observations were conducted in vivo on anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) mice with or without Kin treatment. We found that Kin repolarized M1 macrophages to the M2 phenotype. Mechanistically, Kin inhibited the phosphorylation of IκBα, which further reduced the downstream phosphorylation of P65 in nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling. Moreover, Kin inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling molecules p-JNK, p-ERK and p-P38. Additionally, Kin attenuated macrophage CM and IL-1β-induced chondrocyte damage. In vivo, Kin reduced the infiltration of M1 macrophages, promoted M2 macrophages in the synovium, inhibited subchondral bone destruction and reduced articular cartilage damage induced by ACLT. All the results indicated that Kin is an effective therapeutic candidate for OA treatment.

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“…A.DC., suppressed the generation of proinflammatory cytokine and subsequently inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory response, due to the upregulation of LXRα expression, which is considered as a potential therapeutic drug for mastitis. It exhibited that 22 was capable of attenuating NL-induced inflammatory response in osteoarthritis chondrocyte via LXRα activation ( Qu et al, 2016 ; Wang L. et al, 2017 ). Saikosaponin A (23), a well-known bioactive component of Radix bupleuri , induced cholesterol efflux from lipid rafts through LXRα–ABCA1 signaling pathway, and knockdown of LXRα led to the abrogation of the antiinflammatory effect of 23, suggesting a potency of attenuating oxidative and inflammatory responses ( Fu et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Natural Products Targeting Liver X Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Products Targeting Liver X Receptors or Farnesoid X Receptor

She

Pang

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a superfamily of transcription factors induced by ligands and also function as integrators of hormonal and nutritional signals. Among NRs, the liver X receptors (LXRs) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) have been of significance as targets for the treatment of metabolic syndrome-related diseases. In recent years, natural products targeting LXRs and FXR have received remarkable interests as a valuable source of novel ligands encompassing diverse chemical structures and bioactive properties. This review aims to survey natural products, originating from terrestrial plants and microorganisms, marine organisms, and marine-derived microorganisms, which could influence LXRs and FXR. In the recent two decades (2000–2020), 261 natural products were discovered from natural resources such as LXRs/FXR modulators, 109 agonists and 38 antagonists targeting LXRs, and 72 agonists and 55 antagonists targeting FXR. The docking evaluation of desired natural products targeted LXRs/FXR is finally discussed. This comprehensive overview will provide a reference for future study of novel LXRs and FXR agonists and antagonists to target human diseases, and attract an increasing number of professional scholars majoring in pharmacy and biology with more in-depth discussion.

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Effects of platycodin D on IL-1β-induced inflammatory response in human osteoarthritis chondrocytes

Cited by 13 publications

References 32 publications

Biocatalysis of Platycoside E and Platycodin D3 Using Fungal Extracellular β-Glucosidase Responsible for Rapid Platycodin D Production

Biocatalysis of Platycoside E and Platycodin D3 Using Fungal Extracellular β-Glucosidase Responsible for Rapid Platycodin D Production

Kinsenoside attenuates osteoarthritis by repolarizing macrophages through inactivating NF-κB/MAPK signaling and protecting chondrocytes

Natural Products Targeting Liver X Receptors or Farnesoid X Receptor

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