Effects of Push-Up Exercise Phase and Surface Stability on Activation of the Scapulothoracic Musculature

Park, Se-yeon; Yoo, Won-gyu

doi:10.1123/ijatt.18.4.34

Cited by 7 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Male participants were predominant (66%). Fourteen studies 15,21,22,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] included only males and one study 14 included only females. Furthermore, 3 studies 32,35,36 specifically included athletes as participants, and one study 21 included participants who were considered as advanced in resistance training.…”

Section: Study Characteristics and Methodological Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this review, electrode placement locations varied among studies, and some studies evaluated both upper parts of the SA, whereas some other studies evaluated the lower parts. However, 2 studies 25,32 have evaluated the lower and upper parts of the SA separately, rather than using 1 electrode placement area for the SA. Therefore, we analyzed both parts of the SA and pooled these results together for these 2 studies.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Muscle Activity Ratios of Scapular Stabilizers During Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises in Healthy Shoulders: A Systematic Review

Karabay¹,

Emük²,

Kaya³

2020

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation

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Context: Selective strengthening of scapular stabilizers is one of the emphases of the recent literature. Closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercises are used extensively in shoulder rehabilitation. However, a limited number of studies have reported scapular muscle ratios during CKC exercises. Objectives: To determine the CKC exercises producing the optimal ratios of the scapular stabilizer muscles in healthy shoulders. Evidence Acquisition: A systematic search within PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Plus, and SPORTDiscus with Full Text and ULAKBIM National Medical Database was performed up to January 2018. Studies were selected according to the predetermined criteria. If the pooled mean ratios (upper trapezius [UT]/middle trapezius [MT], UT/lower trapezius [LT], and UT/serratus anterior [SA]), which were calculated from the percentage of maximum voluntary contractions of muscles, were <0.60, these exercises were considered as ideal for higher activation of the MT, LT, and SA than the UT. Evidence Synthesis: The search identified 1284 studies, and 29 observational studies were included for review. Seventy-nine CKC exercises were determined. Four exercises for the MT, 9 for the LT, and 59 for the SA were identified from the articles as being optimal exercises to activate the specified muscle more than the UT. Conclusions: This review identified optimal CKC exercises that provide good ratios between the MT, LT, and SA with the UT. Most exercises have optimal UT/SA ratios, but some exercises performed on unstable surfaces may lead to excessive activation of the UT relative to the SA. For the UT/MT, the isometric low row, inferior glide, and half supine pull-up with slings are the ideal exercises. Isometric one-hand knee push-up variations seem to be the best choice for the UT/LT. The results suggest that many CKC exercises may be utilized to enhance scapular muscle balance when rehabilitating shoulder pathology.

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Section: Study Characteristics and Methodological Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle Activity Ratios of Scapular Stabilizers During Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises in Healthy Shoulders: A Systematic Review

Karabay¹,

Emük²,

Kaya³

2020

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation

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“…Only data from healthy participants, who had not undergone therapeutic intervention prior to the evaluation, were included. Regarding EMG variables, 20 studies reported only %MVIC [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41], one study reported only muscle activation ratios [42], and eight studies measured both variables [7,[11][12][13][43][44][45][46]. All the investigations evaluated the UT EMG activity, 13 studies measured MT EMG activity [7,11,13,22,26,30,32,[36][37][38]40,41,46], and 21 measured the LT EMG activity [7,11-13,22,23,25-30, 32,36-41,44,46].…”

Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exercises analyzed in the articles were the Push Up, Scap Protraction, Pull Up, Press Up, and Plank and Wall Press, with different variations of each one. Fourteen studies evaluated the Push Up exercise and its variations [7,11,12,[24][25][26][28][29][30][31][32]41,42,45], nine studies evaluated the Scap Protraction exercise and its variations [7,13,25,27,33,34,36,43,44], five studies evaluated the Pull Up and its variations [7,37,38,40,46], two studies evaluated the Press Up [13,22], four studies evaluated the Plank and its variations [23,26,35,39], and three studies evaluated the Wall Press and its variations [24,36,43]. Fourteen studies used unstable surfaces as an exercise variation (e.g.…”

Section: Summary Of Activation Ratios and Exercisesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…therapeutic ball, bosu, string, etc. ), and the therapeutic ball was the variation most used [7,12,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]33,39,43,46]. Figures 2 and 3 show the main exercises with their respective variants and the Table 2 shows the muscle activation ratios UT/MT, UT/LT, and UT/SA according to each author.…”

Section: Summary Of Activation Ratios and Exercisesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal activation ratio of the scapular muscles in closed kinetic chain shoulder exercises: A systematic review

Méndez-Rebolledo

Morales-Verdugo

Orozco-Chavez

et al. 2021

BMR

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BACKGROUND: Muscle synergies contribute to scapular position during arm movement. The trapezius and serratus anterior (SA) muscles are the main stabilizers and are therefore the main target muscles of therapeutic exercises. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the current literature investigating the optimal activation ratio of the scapular muscles during a range of closed kinetic chain exercises. METHODS: A systematic review search was conducted to identify studies reporting shoulder electromyography (EMG) activity during rehabilitation exercises in healthy participants. The search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and ScienceDirect. The included studies reported closed kinetic chain exercises and the muscle activity as a percentage of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC) or muscle ratios of the lower trapezius (LT), middle trapezius (MT), and SA with respect to the upper trapezius (UT). Muscle ratios were classified as optimal if they were equal to or lower than 0.6, and the adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the selected studies. RESULTS: Twenty-nine studies were included in this review; 7 main exercises and 30 variations of these were reported. The average electromyographic activity of the concentric and eccentric phase was considered. Half Push Up, Push Up Plus, and Scap Protraction exercises showed optimal SA activity (UT/SA < 0.6), while Press Up, Half Push Up, and One Hand Plank exercises showed optimal LT activity (UT/LT < 0.6). According to the NOS, 15 studies were classified as moderate methodological quality. CONCLUSIONS: The exercises in higher positions (e.g. exercises with the trunk closest to the vertical line) or unstable surfaces tend to favor UT activity over the MT, LT and SA. The exercises including scapular retraction showed optimal UT/MT and UT/LT ratios, while those including scapular protraction showed optimal UT/SA ratios. This will assist therapists in the correct selection of exercises for shoulder rehabilitation.

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Electromyographic Activities of Pectoralis Major and Triceps Brachii Muscles During Push-Up Exercises On Different Surfaces

AYDIN,

GÜNDOĞAN,

SAĞLAM

2023

The Online Journal of Recreation and Sports

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The push-up is a basic exercise commonly used in strength training. This exercise can be performed on different surfaces. The purpose of this study is to compare the muscle activation of the pectoralis major and triceps brachii muscles during push-up exercises performed on stable and unstable surfaces. Nineteen males participated in this study. Bosu ball and ring apparatus were used as unstable surfaces and the floor was used as a stable surface. Subjects performed 5 repetitions of PU on the different surfaces. A one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare the muscle activities between the surfaces. Muscle activation of PM was significantly greater in the ring than on the floor and the Bosu ball (p0.05). In conclusion, using the ring apparatus as an unstable surface increase the PM muscle activation in PU exercise. Muscle activation of TB was not influenced by surface stability in PU.

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Effects of Push-Up Exercise Phase and Surface Stability on Activation of the Scapulothoracic Musculature

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Muscle Activity Ratios of Scapular Stabilizers During Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises in Healthy Shoulders: A Systematic Review

Muscle Activity Ratios of Scapular Stabilizers During Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises in Healthy Shoulders: A Systematic Review

Optimal activation ratio of the scapular muscles in closed kinetic chain shoulder exercises: A systematic review

Electromyographic Activities of Pectoralis Major and Triceps Brachii Muscles During Push-Up Exercises On Different Surfaces

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