Effects of radiation on the lung

Nonn, R.; Gross, Nicholas J.

doi:10.1097/00063198-199609000-00008

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Injury to the lung is common after therapeutic irradiation of intrathoracic and chest wall malignancies. Radiologic manifestations of radiationinduced lung disease (RILD), including groundglass opacities or consolidation in the acute phase and traction bronchiectasis, volume loss, and consolidation in the late phase, are well described in the literature (Fig 1) (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). However, recent advances in irradiation techniques can produce radiologic manifestations of RILD that are not typical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Radiation Therapy on the Lung: Radiologic Appearances and Differential Diagnosis

Choi¹,

Munden²,

Erasmus³

et al. 2004

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Radiation-induced lung disease (RILD) due to radiation therapy is common. Radiologic manifestations are usually confined to the lung tissue within the radiation port and are dependent on the interval after completion of treatment. In the acute phase, RILD typically manifests as ground-glass opacity or attenuation or as consolidation; in the late phase, it typically manifests as traction bronchiectasis, volume loss, and scarring. However, the use of oblique beam angles and the development of newer irradiation techniques such as three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy can result in an unusual distribution of these findings. Awareness of the atypical manifestations of RILD can be useful in preventing confusion with infection, recurrent malignancy, lymphangitic carcinomatosis, and radiation-induced tumors. In addition, knowledge of radiologic findings that are outside the expected pattern for RILD can be useful in diagnosis of infection or recurrent malignancy. Such findings include the late appearance or enlargement of a pleural effusion; development of consolidation, a mass, or cavitation; and occlusion of bronchi within an area of radiation-induced fibrosis. A comprehensive understanding of the full spectrum of these manifestations is important to facilitate diagnosis and management in cancer patients treated with radiation therapy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Radiation Therapy on the Lung: Radiologic Appearances and Differential Diagnosis

Choi¹,

Munden²,

Erasmus³

et al. 2004

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285

214

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“…Radiation-induced lung toxicity results from a sequence of biological changes, including early cell apoptosis that is mediated by direct radiation ionization, intermediate inflammation that is characterized by pneumonitis, and latent fibrosis (8,9) that ultimately causes pulmonary function failure. It has been generally believed that a series of biochemical events triggers these changes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Inhibition of the Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Pathway Is Radioprotective for the Lung

Zhang

Qian

Xing

et al. 2008

Clinical Cancer Research

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Purpose: Radiation-induced lung toxicity limits the delivery of high-dose radiation to thoracic tumors. Here, we investigated the potential of inhibiting the tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) pathway as a novel radioprotection strategy. Experimental Design: Mouse lungs were irradiated with various doses and assessed at varying times for TNF-a production. Lung toxicity was measured by apoptosis and pulmonary function testing. TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) inhibition, achieved by genetic knockout or antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) silencing, was tested for selective lung protection in a mouse lung metastasis model of colon cancer. Results: Lung radiation induced local production ofTNF-a by macrophages in BALB/c mice 3 to 24 hours after radiation (15 Gy). A similar maximal induction was found 1week after the start of radiation when 15 Gy was divided into five daily fractions. Cell apoptosis in the lung, measured by terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase^mediated nick-end labeling staining (mostly epithelial cells) and Western blot for caspase-3, was induced by radiation in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Specific ASO inhibited lungTNFR1expression and reduced radiation-induced apoptosis. Radiation decreased lung function in BALB/c and C57BL mice 4 to 8 weeks after completion of fractionated radiation (40 Gy). Inhibition of TNFR1 by genetic deficiency (C57BL mice) or therapeutic silencing with ASO (BALB/c mice) tended to preserve lung function without compromising lung tumor sensitivity to radiation. Conclusion: Radiation-induced lung TNF-a production correlates with early cell apoptosis and latent lung function damage. Inhibition of lung TNFR1 is selectively radioprotective for the lung without compromising tumor response.These findings support the development of a novel radioprotection strategy using inhibition of theTNF-a pathway.

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Drug‐Induced Lung Disease, Oxygen Toxicity and Related Syndromes

Seaton¹

2000

Crofton and Douglas's Respiratory Diseases

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Effects of radiation on the lung

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Radiation Therapy on the Lung: Radiologic Appearances and Differential Diagnosis

Effects of Radiation Therapy on the Lung: Radiologic Appearances and Differential Diagnosis

Inhibition of the Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Pathway Is Radioprotective for the Lung

Drug‐Induced Lung Disease, Oxygen Toxicity and Related Syndromes

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