Effects of Replacing Algae Powder by Fermented Soybean Meal on Growth and Digestive Physiology of Juvenile Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus Selenka

Abstract

Sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus Selenka, is one of most valuable cultured species in China. With its rapid development, algae powder which is the main components in feed was deficient. Fermented soybean meal (FSBM) was regularly used for replacing fish meal in fish diet. It also seemed to be one of high quality raw materials for A. japonicus. In order to investigate the effects of replacing algae powder by FSBM on growth and digestive physiology of juvenile sea cucumber, nine kinds of isoprotein experimental diets were formulated by replacing algae powder or mixture of fish meal and algae powder (2:15) and fed sea cucumber juveniles with initial body weight 17.7 g for 70 d. The results showed that with the decreasing of dietary algae powder, the weight gain rates were increased and then decreased, meanwhile, both protease and lipase activities were not affected, and amylase activities were increased. Both glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (AST) activities deceased firstly and then increased afterwards, and both pyruvate kinase (PK) and hexokinase (GK) activities were stable firstly and then decreasing. Intestinal wall thicknesses were not affected by the diets, but the heights of villus were decreased significantly. With the decreasing of dietary mixture, weight gain rates were decreased significantly, meanwhile, protease decreased and amylase increased. Both ALT and AST activities increased firstly and then kept stable, and both PK and HK activities were decreased significantly. The thicknesses of intestinal walls and the heights of villus tent to raise then fall. When FSBM substitute more than 51.66% algae powder or 24.28% mixture, the height of villus became shorter, width became narrow, and quantity became fewer, meanwhile centrallacteal was broaden, and microvillus appeared absence. Submucous layers of maximum substitute groups were obviously abnormal. It can be concluded from the results that adding amount of FSBM in sea cucumber diet should not exceed 10%, or it may cause the damage of intestinal structure and affected the activities of digestion and metabolism enzymes.文章引用: 李宝山, 王际英, 张利民, 王晓艳, 王成强, 郝甜甜, 孙永智. 发酵豆粕替代藻粉对仿刺参生长及消化生理 的影响 [J]. 海洋科学前沿, 2018, 5(2): 89-97.