Effects of replacing fish meal with cottonseed protein concentrate on the growth, immune responses, digestive ability and intestinal microbial flora in Litopenaeus vannamei

Wang, Hongming; Hu, Xin; Zheng, Yudong; Chen, Jian; Tan, Beiping; Shi, Lili; Zhang, Shuang

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.067

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This indicated that this substitution ratio led to the unbalance of a game between probiotics and conditionally pathogenic bacteria, disrupting intestinal health. This is consistent with previous studies showing that appropriate levels of CPC substitution can increase the richness and diversity of gut flora, while excessive substitution induces enteritis and disrupt the homeostasis and part of the functions of the gut microbiota ( 45 , 46 ). In recent years, Bacillus spp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Low fish meal diet supplemented with probiotics ameliorates intestinal barrier and immunological function of Macrobrachium rosenbergii via the targeted modulation of gut microbes and derived secondary metabolites

et al. 2022

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The unsuitable substitution ratio of fish meal by plant protein will reshape the intestinal microbial composition and intestine immunity. However, previous studies were mostly limited to investigating how different feed or probiotics characterized the microbial composition but ignored the biological interactions between bacteria and host physiology through secondary metabolites. Therefore, this study integrates the apparent indicators monitoring, 16S rDNA sequencing, and metabonomics to systematically investigate the effects of cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) substitution of fish meal and Bacillus coagulans intervention on gut microbes, secondary metabolites, and intestinal immunity of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Prawns were fed with three diets for 70 days: HF diets contained 25% fish meal, CPC in LF diets were replaced with 10% fish meal, and LF diets supplemented with 2 × 108 CFU/g diet B. coagulans were designated as BC diets. Results showed that CPC substitution induced a significant decrease in digestive enzyme activities (trypsin and lipase) and gut barrier protein PT-1 expression and a significant increase in γ-GT enzyme activity and inflammatory-related factors (Relish and Toll) expression. B. coagulans treatment mitigated the negative changes of the above indicators. Meanwhile, it significantly improved the expression levels of the barrier factor PT-1, the reparative cytokine IL-22, and Cu/Zn-SOD. CPC substitution resulted in a remarkable downregulated abundance of Firmicutes phyla, Flavobacterium spp., and Bacillus spp. B. coagulans treatment induced the callback of Firmicutes abundance and improved the relative abundance of Sphingomonas, Bacillus, and Ralstonia. Functional prediction indicated that CPC substitution resulted in elevated potential pathogenicity of microbial flora, and B. coagulans reduces the pathogenesis risk. Pearson’s correlation analysis established a significant positive correlation between differential genera (Sphingomonas, Bacillus, and Ralstonia) and secondary metabolites (including sphingosine, dehydrophytosphingosine, amino acid metabolites, etc.). Meanwhile, the latter were significantly associated with intestinal immunoregulation-related genes (Cu/Zn-SOD, IL-22, PT-1, Toll, and Relish). This study indicated that B. coagulans could mediate specific gut microbes and the combined action of multiple functional secondary metabolites to affect intestinal barrier function, digestion, and inflammation. Our study revealed the decisive role of gut microbes and derived secondary metabolites in the model of dietary composition-induced intestinal injury and probiotic treatment from a new perspective.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Low fish meal diet supplemented with probiotics ameliorates intestinal barrier and immunological function of Macrobrachium rosenbergii via the targeted modulation of gut microbes and derived secondary metabolites

et al. 2022

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“…Reducing the gossypol content to permissible limits (450 ppm, World Health Organization) via physical, chemical and biological methods makes cottonseed a good candidate for use in food and feed formulations, with a balanced amino acid composition and functional properties comparable to those of soy protein ( 24 ). Recently, the new product, CPC, has been proved to effectively replace partial FM without adverse effects on growth of several aquatic animal species ( 10 , 25 ). Our present study illustrated the dietary inclusion of CPC (15%) in largemouth bass diet without affecting fish growth performance when fishmeal decreased from 48% to 35% ( Table 3 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) exhibited better growth potential after adaptation to dietary cottonseed protein concentrate inclusion but experienced higher inflammatory risk during bacterial infection

et al. 2022

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Cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) has been proven to partially replace fishmeal without adverse effects on fish growth performance, while little information is known about the effects on liver health during bacterial infection. In the present study, 15% CPC was included into the diet of juvenile largemouth bass (32.12 ± 0.09g) to replace fishmeal for 8 weeks, with fish growth potential and hepatic inflammatory responses during Nocardia seriolae (N. seriolae) infection systemically evaluated. After adaptation to dietary CPC inclusion, largemouth bass even exhibited better growth potential with higher SGR and WGR during the last three weeks of whole feeding trial, which was accompanied with higher phosphorylation level of TOR signaling and higher mRNA expression level of myogenin (myog). At the end of 8-weeks feeding trial, the histological structure of largemouth bass liver was not significantly affected by dietary CPC inclusion, accompanied with the similar expression level of genes involved in innate and adaptive immunity and comparable abundance of T cells in bass liver. N.seriolae infection induced the pathological changes of bass liver, while such hepatic changes were more serious in CPC group than that in FM group. Additionally, RT-qPCR results also suggested that largemouth bass fed with CPC experienced much higher inflammatory potential both in liver and gill during N. seriolae infection, which was accompanied with higher expression level of genes involved in pyroptosis. Therefore, this study demonstrated that the application of CPC in largemouth bass diet should be careful, which may induce higher inflammatory potential during N. seriolae infection.

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“…Similar studies have been reported in ♀ Epinephelus Fuscoguttatus × ♂ Epinephelus Lanceolatu via [ 17 ]. In addition, Wang et al showed that replacing moderate amounts of fishmeal with CPC improved the growth performance, immunological response, and digestibility of L. vannamei [ 18 ]. However, excessive replacement of fishmeal with CPC will adversely affect the intestinal health of aquatic animals, causing intestinal inflammation and affecting immune enzyme activity, thus affecting growth performance [ 14 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although our previous study showed that moderate amounts of CPC in place of fishmeal can improve the growth performance of L. vannamei [ 18 ], there have been limited investigations of the mechanism of the immunological response to CPC substitution for fishmeal. In this study, high-throughput sequencing analysis was employed to investigate the changes at gene transcription level, aiming to clarify the mechanism by which CPC substitution for fishmeal affects the immunological response in L. vannamei .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Immunoregulation of Replacing Fishmeal with Cottonseed Protein Concentrates on Litopenaeus vannamei

Wang

Chen

et al. 2023

Animals

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Cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) is a new non-food protein source with high crude protein, low price, and abundant resources, making it an ideal substitute for fishmeal. In this study, we investigated the effects of CPC re placing fishmeal on the immune response of Litopenaeus vannamei using transcriptome sequencing. L. vannamei (initial body weight: 0.42 ± 0.01 g) were fed four isonitrogenous and isolipid feeds for eight weeks, with CPC replacing fishmeal at 0% (control, FM), 15% (CPC15), 30% (CPC30), and 45% (CPC45), respectively. At the end of the feeding trial, the changes of the activities and expression of immune-related enzymes were consistent in L. vannamei in the CPC-containing group when compared with the FM group. Among them, the activities of ACP, PO, and LZM in the group whose diet was CPC30 were significantly higher than those in the FM group. Moreover, the activities of AKP, SOD, and CAT were significantly higher in the group containing CPC than in the FM group. Furthermore, all CPC groups had considerably lower MDA levels than the FM group. This suggests that the substitution of fishmeal with CPC leads to a significant immune response in L. vannamei. Compared with the FM group, transcriptome analysis identified 805 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (484 down and 321 up), 694 (266 down and 383 up), and 902 (434 down and 468 up) in CPC15, CPC30, and CPC45, respectively. Among all DEGs, 121 DEGs were shared among different CPC-containing groups compared with the FM group. Most of these differential genes are involved in immune-related signaling pathways. The top 20 signaling pathways enriched for differential genes contained toxoplasmosis, pathogenic Escherichia coli infection, insulin resistance, and Toll and immune deficiency (IMD) pathways, in which NF-kappa-B inhibitor Cactus were involved. In addition, trend analysis comparison of the DEGs shared by the group with CPC in the diet and the FM group showed that Cactus genes were significantly down-regulated in the group with CPC in the diet and were lowest in the CPC30 group. Consistently, the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes was significantly higher in both diet-containing CPC groups than in the FM group. In conclusion, the moderate amount of CPC substituted for fishmeal may improve the immunity of L. vannamei by suppressing the expression of Cactus genes, thereby increasing the expression of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes.

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Effects of replacing fish meal with cottonseed protein concentrate on the growth, immune responses, digestive ability and intestinal microbial flora in Litopenaeus vannamei

Cited by 24 publications

References 41 publications

Low fish meal diet supplemented with probiotics ameliorates intestinal barrier and immunological function of Macrobrachium rosenbergii via the targeted modulation of gut microbes and derived secondary metabolites

Low fish meal diet supplemented with probiotics ameliorates intestinal barrier and immunological function of Macrobrachium rosenbergii via the targeted modulation of gut microbes and derived secondary metabolites

Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) exhibited better growth potential after adaptation to dietary cottonseed protein concentrate inclusion but experienced higher inflammatory risk during bacterial infection

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Immunoregulation of Replacing Fishmeal with Cottonseed Protein Concentrates on Litopenaeus vannamei

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