Effects of ringing branches on fruit size and maturity of peach and nectarine cultivars

Agustí, Manuel; Andreu, Inmaculada; Juan, M.; Almela, V.; Zacarı́as, Lorenzo

doi:10.1080/14620316.1998.11511011

Cited by 50 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Traditionally, girdling has been applied for apical control of branch growth in studies (Münch 1938). Stem girdling, as one of the most practical methods to provoke artificial stress (Stone 1974;Wilson 1998), was broadly used over the decades in horticulture to manage the growth and reproduction of several deciduous and evergreen tree species (Weinburger and Cullinan 1932;Lilleland and Brown 1936;Crane and Campbell 1957;Lewis and McCarty 1973;Winkler et al 1974;Powell and Cash Howell 1985;Fernandez-Escobar et al 1987;Augusti et al 1998;Day and DeJong 1999;Rivas et al 2008). Girdling has been practiced in the forestry and logging industry as a pre-harvest treatment to change wood properties (MacDougal 1943;Noel 1970;Lopez et al 2015) by manipulating annual ring width, wood density, duration of cambial activity, and latewood production (Wilson and Gartner 2002;Domec and Pruyn 2008;Maunoury-Danger et al 2010;Sellin et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of stem girdling on xylem and phloem formation in Scots pine

Fajstavr¹,

Giagli²,

Vavrčík³

et al. 2017

Silva Fenn.

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Highlights• Stem girdling ceased the cambial activity, below the girdled area, immediately after the removal of the bark strip.• Pinus sylvestris survived for up to two years after stem girdling.• The girdled trees formed phloem cells above the girdled area but failed to form latewood cells in the next growing season. AbstractScots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is a resilient, wide spread species. This paper reports on the xylem and phloem cell formation process, before and after, the species was put under artificial stress by stem girdling. Microcore method was applied to a healthy control group and a standing group of girdled trees within an 80-year-old pine forest for two consecutive growing seasons (2013 and 2014). The stem girdling was applied in the middle of the first growing season (July 2013). Cambial activity timings (onset and cessation of cell division), cell formation intensity, cell differentiation, and the dynamics of the annual radial increment in the stem were analyzed. Cambial activity was inhibited and eventually ceased below the stem girdling immediately after the removal of the strip. Therefore, no latewood tracheids were formed. However, above the stem girdling and in the control trees, cell formation and tissue differentiation continued until the end of the growing season, with the girdled trees moving at a less intensive pace but for a longer period of time. During the following growing season (2014), the cambial zone was reactivated only above the stem girdling, not below, and eventually the girdled trees died. In 2014, the onset of the cambial activity was delayed and the division rate of the cells was slower in the girdled trees. Furthermore, the girdled trees formed less phloem cells than the control trees.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of stem girdling on xylem and phloem formation in Scots pine

Fajstavr¹,

Giagli²,

Vavrčík³

et al. 2017

Silva Fenn.

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“…However, it is important to note that fruit from treated trees grew faster and matured earlier than fruit from untreated trees, and it can be explained by the reduction in the number of competing flowers. This effect is similar to that obtained with the application of synthetic auxins (Agustí et al, 1993;1999) and scoring branches (Agustí et al, 1998), both performed at the onset of cell enlargement fruit stage. The response is associated with the increase in sink strength by auxins and the increase in carbohydrate supply to the fruits by scoring branches, that is, with higher nutrients supply.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Alternative thinning techniques have been tested as substitutes for hand thinning to improve fruit size, such as girdling branches (Agustí et al, 1998), flower thinning by hand, or by means of mechanical methods or chemical treatments Moran and Southwick, 2000;Myers et al, 1993;Weinberger, 1941), and chemical fruit thinning using caustic materials (Byers and Lyons, 1985;Zilkah et al, 1988), growth regulators Stembridge and Gambrell, 1971; and photosynthetic inhibitors (Byers et al, 1984;Del Valle et al, 1985). However, effective chemical fruit thinning, as used in apples (Fallahi and Willemsen, 2002), has had very limited success in stone fruit trees .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control de la floración en el género prunus. Factores climáticos y nutricionales

ROSSIA¹

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AGRADECIMIENTOSConstantemente el destino va intercalando pruebas en el camino de nuestras vidas que cada uno resuelve de manera única y personal. El haber venido a España a realizar esta tesis doctoral fue para mí una de esas pruebas, que he podido sortear favorablemente gracias al apoyo de muchas personas. Por ello, quiero expresar mi más sincero agradecimiento a todos aquellos que han estado a mi lado durante todo este tiempo brindándome su cariño y a los que, directa o indirectamente, me han acompañado en la ardua, paciente y generosa labor de investigar, en especial:A los técnicos de las Cooperativa de Alginet, Carlet y de la Estación Experimental de Carlet (Consellería de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación de Valencia), por su inestimable colaboración.A los compañeros, que en una larga sucesión itinerante, han pasado por el Laboratorio de Citricultura de la UPV, por tantos buenos momentos vividos juntos.A los amigos, argentinos, uruguayos, chilenos, holandeses y españoles por brindarme su cariño, consejo y tolerancia, en los buenos y en los malos momentos.A Norberto Gariglio y Rubén Pilatti, por su permanente apoyo, consejo y guía desde mis primeros pasos en investigación en la Facultad de Agronomía de Esperanza (UNL -Argentina) hasta la fecha.A Manolo Agustí, mi director, por confiar en mí y darme la posibilidad, los medios y el apoyo necesario para desarrollar este trabajo, y lo que es más importante, por ofrecerme su amistad.A Rai e Isabel, por estar siempre allí cuando los necesité y por su cariño.A Vicente Clavijo, por ser como un segundo padre para mí aquí en España.A Pedro, mi hermano, por haberme escuchado y aconsejado siempre y por ser además, mi mejor amigo.A mi papá, por guiarme en el aprendizaje de la ciencia y la investigación, y por ser mi referente como hombre y como profesional.A mi mamá, por su amor de madre y por haber dado siempre todo, en pos de la felicidad y bienestar de sus hijos.Y finalmente a Laura, por su amor, paciencia, dulzura, confianza…. en definitiva, por 'TODO'.A todos, muchísimas gracias Tables index iii T Ta ab bl le es s i in nd de ex x Page Table 3.1: Influence of fruit on the terminal shoots (mixed and fruiting shoots) characteristics from mixed branches of nectarine 'Zincal 5' trees completely thinned in bloom (NF) by hand, thinned to 40% of fruits by hand at pit hardening (TF) and not thinned (AF). Values corresponding to dormancy stage. Each value is the mean ± SE of 100 branches from 10 trees. Table 3.2: Nitrate-nitrogen and ammonia-nitrogen content in 'Zincal 5' nectarine phloem sap on fully thinned in bloom by hand (NF), thinned to 40% fruit by hand at pit hardening (TF) and not thinned (AF) trees. Values corresponding to dormancy stage. Each value is the mean ± SE of 10 trees. Table 4.1: Effect of gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) applied during the period of flower bud induction on flowering density, time spend on hand-thinning, average fruit diameter, total number of fruit at harvest, percent of fruit harvested at first picking date and yield per tree in peach...

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“…Aliado a isto, a coloração e o tamanho final do fruto são fatores determinantes da qualidade dos frutos de caroço, ao ponto de terem sido convertidos nos parâmetros decisivos para indicação da colheita. A utilização de técnicas, como a aplicação de auxinas e a incisão anelar em ramos, pode influenciar positivamente ambos os caracteres, principalmente em variedades precoces (Almela et al, 1995;Agustí et al, 1996Agustí et al, , 1998Agustí et al, e 1999.…”

Section: Application Of Auxins and Ringing Branches On Peachs CV Diaunclassified

Aplicação de auxinas e incisão anelar de ramos em pessegueiros cv. Diamante

Sartori

Marodin

2003

Rev. Bras. Frutic.

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O cultivo de pessegueiros é uma atividade de grande importância econômica no Sul do Brasil, onde se destaca o Estado do Rio Grande do Sul como grande produtor brasileiro, sendo que 50% dos pomares se encontram na Metade Sul do Estado. Um dos principais problemas do pessegueiro é o tamanho dos frutos e a produção em épocas concentradas que dificultam a comercialização. Com o intuito de aumentar o tamanho e expandir o período de colheita do fruto, estudou-se o efeito de aplicações de auxinas e da execução da incisão anelar (I.A.) em ramos do pessegueiro 'Diamante'. A avaliação foi realizada no ano agrícola de 1999-2000, na Estação Experimental Agronômica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), situada em Eldorado do Sul-RS, na latitude 30º39'S, longitude 51º06'W e a altitude de 46 metros. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e uma planta por parcela, com os seguintes tratamentos: 1) 10 mg.L-1 3,5,6-TPA álcool amina; 2) 20 mg.L-1 3,5,6-TPA álcool amina; 3) 30 mg.L-1 3,5,6-TPA álcool amina; 4) 20 mg.L-1 3,5,6-TPA álcool amina + (I.A.); 5) 30 mg.L-1 3,5,6-TPA ácido livre; 6) 30 mg.L-1 3,5,6-TPA ácido livre + (I.A.); 7) 25 mg.L-1 2,4-DP éster; 8) 50 mg.L-1 2,4-DP éster; 9) 75 mg.L-1 2,4-DP éster; 10) 50 mg.L-1 2,4-DP éster + (I.A.); 11) Incisão Anelar (I.A.) e 12) Testemunha. Os resultados demonstraram que os tratamentos com auxinas e (I.A.) não aumentaram o peso total de frutos por planta. Os tratamentos com auxinas, especialmente o 3,5,6-TPA 30 mg.L-1 ácido livre, com (I.A.) ou não, anteciparam a colheita em cerca de 20 dias. O tratamento com 30 mg.L-1 de 3,5,6-TPA ácido livre, associado à incisão anelar, resultou em incrementos de diâmetro e comprimento dos frutos em relação à testemunha, porém não diferiu estatisticamente dos demais tratamentos. Os tratamentos 3,5,6 TPA 20 mg.L-1 e 2,4 DP (Éster) 75 mg.L-1 anteciparam a colheita em 20 dias e não diferiram estatisticamente do tratamentos 30 mg.L-1 3,5,6 TPA ácido livre. A distribuição dos frutos de primeira categoria foi superior para os tratamentos 30 mg.L-1 3,5,6 TPA ácido livre + (I.A.) e 20 mg.L-1 de 3,5,6-TPA (álcool amina), embora não diferindo estatisticamente da testemunha.

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Effects of ringing branches on fruit size and maturity of peach and nectarine cultivars

Cited by 50 publications

References 16 publications

The effect of stem girdling on xylem and phloem formation in Scots pine

The effect of stem girdling on xylem and phloem formation in Scots pine

Control de la floración en el género prunus. Factores climáticos y nutricionales

Aplicação de auxinas e incisão anelar de ramos em pessegueiros cv. Diamante

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