Effects of sampling interval on the frequency - magnitude relationship of rockfalls detected from terrestrial laser scanning using semi-automated methods

Veen, Megan van; Hutchinson, D. Jean; Kromer, Ryan; Lato, Matthew J.; Edwards, Tom

doi:10.1007/s10346-017-0801-3

Cited by 78 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Data from the White Canyon has been used as a case study to develop and present the methods described in this paper, however these models have not been fully calibrated due to the large window between sampling periods, which may prevent us from identifying all individual rockfall events if multiple events occur in the same location during the sampling period (van Veen et al, 2017). It is also more difficult to map rockfall trajectories from the change detection results, to validate the models, when 10 the duration between scans is increased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several 15 studies have been completed using this data with details outlined in Hutchinson et al (2015), Kromer et al (2015), van Veen et al (2017), and Rowe et al (2017). By performing change detection between sequential LiDAR scans, we have constructed a detailed database of rockfall events in the canyon for the time period between November 2014 and May 2016 (18 months).…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rockfall event information was extracted from the TLS change detection using the processes outlined in van Veen et al (2017).…”

Section: Extraction Of Rockfall Frequency-magnitude and Source Zone Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Often, these technologies provide advantages over traditional methods of data collection when slopes are steep and inaccessible. Change detection performed between sequential LiDAR scans can be used to identify and characterize rockfall source zones and develop frequency-magnitude relationships for a slope (Rosser et al, 2005;Santana et al, 2012;D'Amato et al, 2013;Guerin et al, 2014;van Veen et al, 2017). These inventories can contain a greater level of detail for rockfalls in the smaller volume ranges relative to traditional field inspections performed from the base of the slope (Dussauge-Peisser et al, 2002); however, it is often difficult to determine the trajectory or ending point of each event, which is affected by the slope materials and geometry, and the characteristics of the failed block, including its lithology (Deere and Miller, 1966).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combining temporal 3D remote sensing data with spatial rockfall simulations for improved understanding of hazardous slopes within rail corridors

Veen¹,

Hutchinson²,

Bonneau³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Remote sensing techniques can be used to gain a more detailed understanding of hazardous rock slopes along railway corridors 10 that would otherwise be inaccessible. Multiple datasets can be used to identify changes over time and create an inventory of rockfall events including frequency-magnitude relationships for rockfalls sourced on the slope. This study presents a method for using the remotely sensed data to develop inputs to rockfall simulations, which can be used to determine the likelihood of a rockfall impacting the railway tracks given it's source zone location and volume. The results of the simulations can be related to the rockfall inventory to develop modified frequency-magnitude curves presenting a more realistic estimate of the hazard. 15These methods were developed using the RockyFor3D software and LiDAR and photogrammetry data collected over several years at the White Canyon, British Columbia, Canada, where the CN Rail main line runs along the base of the slope. Rockfalls sourced closer to the tracks were more likely to be deposited on the track or in the ditch, and of these, rockfalls between 0.1 and 10 m 3 were the most likely to be deposited. Smaller blocks did not travel far enough to reach the bottom of the slope and larger blocks were deposited past the tracks. Applying the results of the simulations to a database of over 2000 rockfall events, 20 a modified frequency-magnitude can be created, allowing the frequency of rock falls deposited on the railway tracks or in ditches to be determined. Suggestions are made for future development of the methods including refinement of input parameters and extension to other modelling packages.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rockfall event information was extracted from the TLS change detection using the processes outlined in van Veen et al (2017).…”

Section: Extraction Of Rockfall Frequency-magnitude and Source Zone Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Combining temporal 3D remote sensing data with spatial rockfall simulations for improved understanding of hazardous slopes within rail corridors

Veen¹,

Hutchinson²,

Bonneau³

et al. 2017

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In order to quantify geometric differences in different epochs it is recommended to carry out all steps of the following processing chain: 15  Viewpoint planning (Bechtold and Höfle 2016), (Wujanz et al 2016a ),  Data acquisition at different points in time (van Veen et al 2017),  Transformation of individual epochs into a stable reference frame,  Quantification of deformation (Jaboyedoff et al 2012), (Lindenbergh and Pietrzyk 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of stable areas in unreferenced laser scans for automated geomorphometric monitoring

Wujanz¹,

Avian²,

Krueger³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Current research questions in the field of geomorphology focus on the impact of climate change on several processes causing subsequently natural hazards. Geodetic deformation measurements are a suitable tool to document such 10 geomorphic mechanisms e.g. under the use of terrestrial laser scanners that capture a region of interest in a quasi-laminar fashion which results in a so-called 3D point cloud. In this context the central problem is linked to the transformation of 3D point clouds captured at different points in time (epochs) into a common reference coordinate system. To date, this step has been carried out by usage of artificial targets and/or control points. Several drawbacks are related to this strategy such as the enormous effort to distribute the targets in object space, the required survey by additional geodetic sensors such as total 15 stations or GNSS-receivers as well as the limited extent within the region of interest. In this contribution a surface-based registration methodology, termed the iterative closest proximity algorithm (ICProx), that solely uses points as input, similar to the iterative closest point-algorithm (ICP), and hence does not require any artificial targets or extracted geometric primitives, such as planes. The aim of this study was to automatically determine deformations that occurred at a rock glacier, an ice glacier as well as in a rock fall area. For every example two epochs were processed while the ICProx-algorithm's 20 classification accuracy is 70% on average.

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Emergent characteristics of rockfall inventories captured at a regional scale

Benjamin

Rosser

Brain

2020

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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High‐resolution rockfall inventories captured at a regional scale are scarce. This is partly owing to difficulties in measuring the range of possible rockfall volumes with sufficient accuracy and completeness, and at a scale exceeding the influence of localized controls. This paucity of data restricts our ability to abstract patterns of erosion, identify long‐term changes in behaviour and assess how rockfalls respond to changes in rock mass structural and environmental conditions. We have addressed this by developing a workflow that is tailored to monitoring rockfalls and the resulting cliff retreat continuously (in space), in three‐dimensional (3D) and over large spatial scales (>104 m). We tested our approach by analysing rockfall activity along 20.5 km of coastal cliffs in North Yorkshire (UK), in what we understand to be the first multi‐temporal detection of rockfalls at a regional scale. We show that rockfall magnitude–frequency relationships, which often underpin predictive models of erosion, are highly sensitive to the spatial extent of monitoring. Variations in rockfall shape with volume also imply a systemic shift in the underlying mechanisms of detachment with scale, leading us to question the validity of applying a single probabilistic model to the full range of rockfalls observed here. Finally, our data emphasize the importance of cliff retreat as an episodic process. Going forwards, there will a pressing need to understand and model the erosional response of such coastlines to rising global sea levels as well as projected changes to winds, tides, wave climates, precipitation and storm events. The methodologies and data presented here are fundamental to achieving this, marking a step‐change in our ability to understand the competing effects of different processes in determining the magnitude and frequency of rockfall activity and ultimately meaning that we are better placed to investigate relationships between process and form/erosion at critical, regional scales. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd

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Effects of sampling interval on the frequency - magnitude relationship of rockfalls detected from terrestrial laser scanning using semi-automated methods

Cited by 78 publications

References 30 publications

Combining temporal 3D remote sensing data with spatial rockfall simulations for improved understanding of hazardous slopes within rail corridors

Combining temporal 3D remote sensing data with spatial rockfall simulations for improved understanding of hazardous slopes within rail corridors

Identification of stable areas in unreferenced laser scans for automated geomorphometric monitoring

Emergent characteristics of rockfall inventories captured at a regional scale

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