Effects of Selenium and Thyroid Hormone Deficiency on Peritoneal Macrophages Adhesion and Occurrence of Natural IGM Antibodies in Juvenile Rats

Abstract

Both selenium, as an effector and regulator of antioxidative enzymes activity, and thyroid hormones are potent immunomodulators. Besides, selenium incorporated into iodothyronine deiodinases is involved in the thyroid function and thus indirectly regulates the immune response. Studies of the mutual infl uence of selenium and thyroid hormones on the immune response are scarce, hence we analyzed the effects of an iodothyronine deiodinases blocker, propylthiouracil (PTU), and selenium defi ciency on the function of peritoneal macrophages, and titer of naturally occurring anti-sheep red blood cells (SRBC) IgM antibodies in juvenile rats.The experiment was carried out on 64 Wistar male rats allotted to 4 groups: controlselenium adequate PTU-group; selenium adequate, PTU+ group; selenium defi cient, PTU-group; and selenium defi cient, PTU+. The selenium adequate and selenium defi cient groups were fed a diet containing 0.334 and 0.031 mg Se/kg, respectively. PTU+ groups received PTU (150 mg/L) in drinking water. After 3 weeks, thyroxine (T 4 ), triiodothyronine (T 3 ), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined. The animals having "intermediate" concentrations of T 3 (1.56-1.69 nmol/L) and T 4 (41-50 nmol/L) were excluded from further analysis. Thus, PTU+ groups included hypothyroid animals (T 3 ≤1.55 nmol/L; T 4 ≤40 nmol/L), while PTU-groups included euthyroid rats (T 3 ≥1.70 nmol/L; T 4 ≥50 nmol/L). Both groups of selenium defi cient rats had, when compared to the control group, a signifi cantly lower activity of glutathione peroxidase GPx1 and GPx3. Neither selenium defi ciency nor PTU infl uenced the adherence of peritoneal macrophages. Selenium defi ciency signifi cantly decreased the peroxide synthesis in macrophages and signifi cantly increased the titer of anti-SRBC IgM. Hypotyroidism alone or in combination with selenium defi ciency had no infl uence on these parameters.

Influence of Selenium on the Morphology of Immune System Organs in Healthy Broilers

“…Selenium can signifi cantly improve bird antibody immune responses in natural and pathological conditions [3,[6][7][8], although an overly elevated amount of this micronutrient in the diet (3-60 mg/kg) can decrease body weight and reduce the immune response [6,9]. Moreover, selenium incorporated into iodothyronine deiodinases may infl uence the thyroid function and via the thyroid other immunological organs [10].…”