Effects of simulated reflux laryngitis on laryngeal chemoreflexes in newborn lambs

Carreau, Anne‐Marie; Patural, Hugues; Samson, Nathalie; Doueik, Alexandre A.; Hamon, Julie; Fortier, Pierre-Hugues; Praud, Jean‐Paul

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00105.2011

“…We had already observed a decreased respiratory rate (however without any alteration in heart rate) and prolonged apnea duration in a previous study using an identical ovine model of infant reflux laryngitis (Carreau et al, 2011). The significant decrease in both heart and respiratory rates as well as prolonged apnea duration and associated desaturations observed in the present study reflect an altered autonomic control of both cardiac and respiratory activity towards enhanced parasympathetic and/or blunted sympathetic tone.…”

Section: Cardiorespiratory Inhibitionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Finally, histological assessment of laryngitis was performed using a scoring system initially developed for dogs, which we previously showed to be appropriate for lambs (Carreau et al, 2011;Duvareille et al, 2013;Koufman, 1991). …”

Section: Reflux Laryngitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of reflux laryngitis on non-nutritive swallowing in newborn lambs

Brisebois¹,

Samson²,

Fortier³

et al. 2014

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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Reflux laryngitis in infants may be involved not only in laryngeal disorders, but also in disorders of cardiorespiratory control through its impact on laryngeal function. Our objective was to study the effect of reflux laryngitis on non-nutritive swallowing (NNS) and NNS-breathing coordination. Two groups of six newborn lambs, randomized into laryngitis and control groups, were surgically instrumented for recording states of alertness, swallowing and cardiorespiratory variables without sedation. A mild to moderate reflux laryngitis was induced in lambs from the experimental group. A significant decrease in the number of NNS bursts and apneas was observed in the laryngitis group in active sleep (p = 0.03).In addition, lower heart and respiratory rates, as well as prolonged apnea duration (p < 0.0001) were observed. No physiologically significant alterations in NNS-breathing coordination were observed in the laryngitis group. We conclude that a mild to moderate reflux laryngitis alters NNS burst frequency and autonomous control of cardiac activity and respiration in lambs. ABSTRACTReflux laryngitis in infants may be involved not only in laryngeal disorders, but also in disorders of cardiorespiratory control through its impact on laryngeal function. Our objective was to study the effect of reflux laryngitis on non-nutritive swallowing (NNS) and NNS-breathing coordination. Two groups of six newborn lambs, randomized into laryngitis and control groups, were surgically instrumented for recording states of alertness, swallowing and cardiorespiratory variables without sedation. A mild to moderate reflux laryngitis was induced in lambs from the experimental group. A significant decrease in the number of NNS bursts and apneas was observed in the laryngitis group in active sleep (p = 0.03).In addition, lower heart and respiratory rates, as well as prolonged apnea duration (p < 0.0001) were observed. No physiologically significant alterations in NNS-breathing coordination were observed in the laryngitis group. We conclude that a mild to moderate reflux laryngitis alters NNS burst frequency and autonomous control of cardiac activity and respiration in lambs.

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“…Such causative link may stem from alterations in pharyngolaryngeal reflexes secondary to reflux laryngitis, as reported in adult humans, suggesting a blunted protection against laryngeal penetration and tracheal aspiration (Ulualp et al, 1998). In addition, we previously showed an enhanced respiratory inhibition during laryngeal chemoreflexes in a lamb model of reflux laryngitis (Carreau et al, 2011). In some infants, alterations of these upper airway reflexes leading to laryngeal and/or tracheal chemoreflexes could contribute to cases of apnea of prematurity, apparent life-threatening events and sudden infant death syndrome (Leiter and Böhm, 2007;Praud, 2010;Thach, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…As reported in a previous study performed in other lambs (Carreau et al, 2011), in the reflux laryngitis group, a 2 ml solution containing 300 U/ml of pepsin (Pepsin from porcine mucosa, P7012, Sigma-Aldrich Canada Ltd, Oakville, ON, Canada) and hydrochloric acid (HCl, pH 2.0) was instilled three times daily for six consecutive days via the esophageal catheter. A final instillation was performed on the last morning prior to the recording.…”

Section: Reflux Laryngitis Inductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The significant decrease in both heart and respiratory rates as well as prolonged apnea duration and associated desaturations observed in the present study reflect an altered autonomic control of both cardiac and respiratory activity towards enhanced parasympathetic and/or blunted sympathetic tone. It is highly plausible that induction of laryngeal chemoreflexes by the pepsin solution thrice daily for six successive days, which corresponds to significant repeated disruption of cardiorespiratory control (Carreau et al, 2011;St-Hilaire et al, 2010), could be responsible for the observed persistent alteration in basal autonomic control. Moreover, the presence of inflammation in itself may also disrupt the autonomic control of cardiorespiratory activity.…”

Section: Cardiorespiratory Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects Of Reflux Laryngitis On Non-nutritive Swallowing In Newborn Lambs

Brisebois

¹

,

Samson

²

,

Fortier³

et al. 2010

A107. Update on Pediatric Sleep Research

Self Cite

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reflux laryngitis in infants may be involved not only in laryngeal disorders, but also in disorders of cardiorespiratory control through its impact on laryngeal function. Our objective was to study the effect of reflux laryngitis on non-nutritive swallowing (NNS) and NNS-breathing coordination. Two groups of six newborn lambs, randomized into laryngitis and control groups, were surgically instrumented for recording states of alertness, swallowing and cardiorespiratory variables without sedation. A mild to moderate reflux laryngitis was induced in lambs from the experimental group. A significant decrease in the number of NNS bursts and apneas was observed in the laryngitis group in active sleep (p = 0.03).In addition, lower heart and respiratory rates, as well as prolonged apnea duration (p < 0.0001) were observed. No physiologically significant alterations in NNS-breathing coordination were observed in the laryngitis group. We conclude that a mild to moderate reflux laryngitis alters NNS burst frequency and autonomous control of cardiac activity and respiration in lambs. In addition, lower heart and respiratory rates, as well as prolonged apnea duration (p < 0.0001) were observed. No physiologically significant alterations in NNS-breathing coordination were observed in the laryngitis group. We conclude that a mild to moderate reflux laryngitis alters NNS burst frequency and autonomous control of cardiac activity and respiration in lambs.

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Sex‐Specific Effects of Stress on Respiratory Control: Plasticity, Adaptation, and Dysfunction

Tenorio‐Lopes

¹

,

Kinkead

²

2021

Comprehensive Physiology

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As our understanding of respiratory control evolves, we appreciate how the basic neurobiological principles of plasticity discovered in other systems shape the development and function of the respiratory control system. While breathing is a robust homeostatic function, there is growing evidence that stress disrupts respiratory control in ways that predispose to disease. Neonatal stress (in the form of maternal separation) affects "classical" respiratory control structures such as the peripheral O 2 sensors (carotid bodies) and the medulla (e.g., nucleus of the solitary tract). Furthermore, early life stress disrupts the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH), a structure that has emerged as a primary determinant of the intensity of the ventilatory response to hypoxia. Although underestimated, the PVH's influence on respiratory function is a logical extension of the hypothalamic control of metabolic demand and supply. In this article, we review the functional and anatomical links between the stress neuroendocrine axis and the medullary network regulating breathing. We then present the persistent and sex-specific effects of neonatal stress on respiratory control in adult rats. The similarities between the respiratory phenotype of stressed rats and clinical manifestations of respiratory control disorders such as sleep-disordered breathing and panic attacks are remarkable. These observations are in line with the scientific consensus that the origins of adult disease are often found among developmental and biological disruptions occurring during early life. These observations bring a different perspective on the structural hierarchy of respiratory homeostasis and point to new directions in our understanding of the etiology of respiratory control disorders.

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Effects of simulated reflux laryngitis on laryngeal chemoreflexes in newborn lambs

Cited by 17 publications

References 33 publications

Effects of reflux laryngitis on non-nutritive swallowing in newborn lambs

Effects of reflux laryngitis on non-nutritive swallowing in newborn lambs

Effects Of Reflux Laryngitis On Non-nutritive Swallowing In Newborn Lambs

Sex‐Specific Effects of Stress on Respiratory Control: Plasticity, Adaptation, and Dysfunction

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