Effects of Surface Charges on Dental Implants: Past, Present, and Future

Abstract

Osseointegration is a major factor influencing the success of dental implantation. To achieve rapid and strong, durable osseointegration, biomaterial researchers have investigated various surface treatment methods for dental subgingival titanium (Ti) implants. This paper focuses on surface-charge modification on the surface of titanium dental implants, which is a relatively new and very promising methodology for improving the implants' osseointegration properties. We give an overview on both theoretical explanations on how surface-charge affects the implants' osseointegration, as well as a potential surface charge modification method using sandblasting. Additionally, we discuss insights on the important factors affecting effectiveness of surface-charge modification methods and point out several interesting directions for future investigations on this topic.

Surface Finishes for Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Produced by Direct Metal Laser Sintering

“…The surface of an implant has a direct influence on its anchorage in bone 9,[12][13][14] . It is responsible for direct contact with patient tissues and is a key factor for osseointegration, protein adsorption, interaction with cells, the creation of the interface between the implant and the body and as well as for the development of tissues.…”

“…It is responsible for direct contact with patient tissues and is a key factor for osseointegration, protein adsorption, interaction with cells, the creation of the interface between the implant and the body and as well as for the development of tissues. Topography, chemical characteristics, charge and wettability are the most important properties relating the surface with osseointegration 13,15 . Osseointegration is the anchoring of an implant to the living bone, obtained through contact between them, where bone cells migrates to the implant surface, reaching stability and a durable anchoring, allowing the transmission and distribution of loads to surrounding tissues 12,13,16 .…”

“…Topography, chemical characteristics, charge and wettability are the most important properties relating the surface with osseointegration 13,15 . Osseointegration is the anchoring of an implant to the living bone, obtained through contact between them, where bone cells migrates to the implant surface, reaching stability and a durable anchoring, allowing the transmission and distribution of loads to surrounding tissues 12,13,16 . Osseointegration helps in the healing process and in stability and durability of the implant 13 .…”

“…Osseointegration is the anchoring of an implant to the living bone, obtained through contact between them, where bone cells migrates to the implant surface, reaching stability and a durable anchoring, allowing the transmission and distribution of loads to surrounding tissues 12,13,16 . Osseointegration helps in the healing process and in stability and durability of the implant 13 . Rough surfaces, porous coatings and surfaces with osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity in body fluids are shown to be good surfaces for osseointegration 15 .…”

The Effects of Combined Micron‐Scale Surface and Different Nanoscale Features on Cell Response

“…Sandblasting is a prevalent method to treat titanium. It can increase the surface roughness of the implant [4] and promote the adhesion of osteoblasts [5]. Al 2 O 3 particles are usually used in the process of sandblasting.…”