Effects of surface composite structure with micro-grooves and Sn-Ag-Cu on reducing friction and wear of Ni3Al alloys

Synergetic effects of surface texturing and solid lubricants to tailor friction and wear – A review

“…Silver has been applied as a solid lubricant to textured hard surfaces either on its own [161,162] or in combination with MoS2 [163,164]. Other metals that have been used as solid lubricants on textured surfaces are copper (Cu) [165], indium (In) [166,167], magnesium (Mg) [168], or multiple metals combined in Sn-Ag-Cu [169][170][171]. Textured hard surfaces have also been embedded with soft metal-containing inorganic compounds, including Ag3VO4 [172] and BaSO4 [173].…”

“…Metallic solid lubricants have been deposited onto various hard materials and coatings with surface textures, including steel [164,169,174,175], WC [165], VN [172], Ni3Al [170], TiN [166,167], TiAlCN [163], Ni [161] and Ta [162]. Textures in the form of dimples/pores [162-164, 166, 167, 169, 172, 173] or grooves [170] have been studied. The solid lubricants were used to fill the textures with lubricious material.…”

“…The solid lubricants were used to fill the textures with lubricious material. Textures have been filled with metallic materials using various techniques, including sputtering [162,163,166,167], electrodeposition/electroless plating [161,164], hand burnishing [172,173], spraying followed by grinding and polishing [165], or additive manufacturing of the material in powder form [169,170].…”

“…As discussed later, many of these studies have been performed at high temperatures to best leverage the lubricious nature of metals when they soften. Several studies have also explored the effect of texture size and distribution on the surface and shown that performance improves and then deteriorates with increasing dimple or groove density [161,162,164,167,170]. This observation is attributable to the fact that higher texture densities provide more lubricating material, but there is a limit to this benefit as the surface approaches a flat surface from which the solid lubricant is easily removed during sliding.…”

“…It has also been proposed that textures can provide more surface area for the solid lubricant to interact with than a flat surface, thereby improving the adhesion of the lubricant to the surface and improving wear [172]. Lastly, it has been proposed that metal-based solid lubricants may react chemically with the counter-bodies or chemical species in the environment to form compounds that facilitate sliding [167,170,173]. As mentioned above, metallic solid lubricants are often considered for high temperature applications because metals soften with increasing temperature.…”