Effects of the Large-Scale Circulation on Temperature and Water Vapor Distributions in the Π Chamber

Abstract

Abstract. Microphysical processes are important for the development of clouds and thus Earth's climate. For example, turbulent fluctuations in the water vapor concentration, r, and temperature, T, cause fluctuations in the saturation ratio, S. Because S is the driving factor in the condensational growth of droplets, fluctuations may broaden the cloud droplet size distribution due to individual droplets experiencing different growth rates. The small scale turbulent fluctuations in the atmosphere that are relevant to cloud droplets are difficult to quantify through field measurements. We investigate these processes in the laboratory, using Michigan Tech's Π Chamber. The Π Chamber utilizes Rayleigh-Benard convection (RBC) to create the turbulent conditions inherent in clouds. In RBC it is common for a large scale circulation (LSC) to form. As a consequence of the LSC, the temperature field of the chamber is not spatially uniform. In this paper, we characterize the LSC in the Π chamber and show how it affects the shape of the distributions of r, T and S. The LSC was found to follow a single roll with an updraft and downdraft along opposing walls of the chamber. Near the updraft (downdraft), the distributions of T and r were positively (negatively) skewed. S consistently had a negatively skewed distribution, with the downdraft being the most negative.

Scaling of Turbulence and Microphysics in a Convection–Cloud Chamber of Varying Height

“…The 3D outputs are separated temporally by 5 min. The sampling distance is chosen to avoid any wall effects, and the sampling time is chosen to avoid any correlation effects due to turbulence (Anderson et al., 2021; Niedermeier et al., 2018). At least 3.68 × 10 5 , 1.47 × 10 6 , and 4.92 × 10 8 grid boxes have been sampled for 1‐m, 2‐m and 4‐m chambers, respectively to produce the PDFs.…”

“…(2019) and Anderson et al. (2021). The degree to which the presence of a smaller, activation mode might enhance the collision‐coalescence is a topic that will need further investigation.…”