Effects of the Partial Replacement of Soybean Meal by Insect or Algae Meal in Chicken Diets with Graded Amino Acid Supply on Parameters of Gut Microbiology and Dietary Protein Quality

Velten, Susanne; Neumann, Carmen; Schafer, James A.; Liebert, F.

doi:10.4236/ojas.2018.83020

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Likewise, the observed influence that the deposition of protein, fat and energy significantly increased with increasing age confirmed results of other investigations [16] [46]. Regarding the body CA deposition, it can be stated that given the relatively limited data found in the literature [29] [35] [36] our observations are within range of expected results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…body energy contents were obtained [17] [44]. For example, as compared to our mean value for male birds and the entire growth period of 5 weeks, a markedly higher body energy deposition has been reported exceeding 600 kJ/d [35] or 700 kJ/d [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Similarly, the PD was not or only slightly influenced by these experimental conditions. In contrast, significantly higher body protein was accumulated with diets balanced according to the recommended AA requirement [21] [27]- [35]. All these observations underline the importance of accurately formulating diets to ensure an ideal dietary AA balance according to the real requirement dependent on age and gender.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age and Gender Dependent Deposition of Crude Nutrients and Energy in Fast Growing Meat-Type Chickens

Wecke¹,

Liebert²

2019

OJAS

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Two consecutive growth studies were conducted to investigate the age-dependent nutrient and energy deposition in male and female meat-type chickens (Ross 308) based on feather and feather-free body fraction data determined according to the comparative slaughter technique. Birds were reared under standardized housing conditions (15 floor pens per gender, 5 birds per pen). Both the starter (day 1 to 22) and grower diets (day 22 to 36) were based on corn, wheat, soybean meal, soybean protein concentrate and crystalline feed amino acids. Diets were formulated to ensure an equal feed protein quality close to the ideal amino acid ratio by adjusting a constant mixture of the feed proteins. Individual body weight (BW) and feed intake per pen were recorded weekly. At the start (day 1) as well as on a weekly basis until the end of the 5th week, 15 birds per gender (each 3 pens of 5 birds) were selected and euthanized following 24 h feed deprivation. Subsequently, the feathers were manually removed and quantified. Crude nutrient analysed in representative samples of both feather and feather-free body fractions. The nutrient and energy deposition in the bodies of both genders were significantly increased with increasing age (p < 0.001). Male birds deposited significantly higher body protein (p < 0.001) and female birds significantly more fat and energy in the whole body (p < 0.001) during the entire growth period. In contrast, no differences were found in protein contents of the BW gain between genders dependent on age (p > 0.05). However, the protein partitioning in the gain of both analyzed body fractions provided oppositional results. Accordingly, male birds yielded relatively more protein in the feather-free body fraction (p < 0.001) and females relatively more feather protein (p < 0.001) as related to the whole body protein gain.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age and Gender Dependent Deposition of Crude Nutrients and Energy in Fast Growing Meat-Type Chickens

Wecke¹,

Liebert²

2019

OJAS

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“…AA composition of the alternative protein sources was detected by ion-exchange chromatography (Biochrom ® 30, Biochrom Ltd. Cambridge, England) using acid hydrolysis without and with an oxidation step for quantitative determination of sulfur-containing amino acids. According to earlier reports [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ] the presented dietary AA composition was based on previous ingredient AA analyses according to the German standards [ 20 ] ether extracts were analyzed following HCl hydrolysis of the feed samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The larvae of Hermetia are able to utilize a wide range of nutrient sources and develop rapidly between 20 °C and 30 °C. More details about the alternative proteins are presented earlier [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Generally, both of the alternative proteins have the potential for being included as a protein source in animal feeds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N Balance Studies Emphasize the Superior Protein Quality of Pig Diets at High Inclusion Level of Algae Meal (Spirulina platensis) or Insect Meal (Hermetia illucens) when Adequate Amino Acid Supplementation Is Ensured

Neumann

Velten

Liebert

2018

Animals

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Simple SummaryThis study aimed to evaluate diets with complete substitution of soybean meal (SBM) by an algae meal from Spirulina platensis (SM) or partly defatted larvae meal from Hermetia illucens (HM) as feed for piglets and growing pigs. Main feed ingredients of the experimental diets were wheat, barley, and SM or HM. The final diets contained 21% (piglets) and 13% (growing pigs) of SM or HM and nitrogen (N) balance studies were applied to measure parameters of apparent N digestibility, complex dietary protein quality, and individual amino acid (AA) efficiency according to the ‘Goettingen approach’. Diets were well accepted by the animals and an extended level of AA supplementation yielded improved dietary protein quality with both of the alternative feed proteins. However, HM based diets provided superior apparent N digestibility.AbstractTwo age-dependent nitrogen (N) balance studies (average body mass 25 and 60 kg) utilized 16 male castrated piglets and 16 barrows to measure N utilization parameters of diets with complete substitution of SBM by alternative protein sources (SM, HM), but different AA fortifications. Lysine supplementation up to 80% of the recommended lysine (Lys) supply in diets HM (A) and SM (A) yielded similar protein quality data (63.6 ± 2.1 and 63.7 ± 3.4). Surprisingly, only in piglet diet HM (AA) did the extended AA supplementation (Lys, methionine (Met), threonine (Thr)) enhance protein quality (72.8 ± 6.7) significantly (p = 0.004). Similar trends were observed in growing pigs. However, when the level of histidine (His) in diet SM (AA) was increased, feed protein quality (71.8 ± 1.3) was significantly (p < 0.001) improved indicating the importance of adequate His supply in diets with a complete substitution of SBM by the algae meal (SM) under study. AA efficiency data extend the possibilities to explain the observed responses on protein quality. When an adequate AA balancing in the diet is guaranteed, from nutritional point of view both of the alternative proteins may replace SBM in pig diets.

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Nutritional quality and bioactive properties of proteins and peptides from microalgae

Acquah

Tibbetts

Pan

et al. 2020

Handbook of Microalgae-Based Processes and Products

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Effects of the Partial Replacement of Soybean Meal by Insect or Algae Meal in Chicken Diets with Graded Amino Acid Supply on Parameters of Gut Microbiology and Dietary Protein Quality

Cited by 15 publications

References 47 publications

Age and Gender Dependent Deposition of Crude Nutrients and Energy in Fast Growing Meat-Type Chickens

Age and Gender Dependent Deposition of Crude Nutrients and Energy in Fast Growing Meat-Type Chickens

N Balance Studies Emphasize the Superior Protein Quality of Pig Diets at High Inclusion Level of Algae Meal (Spirulina platensis) or Insect Meal (Hermetia illucens) when Adequate Amino Acid Supplementation Is Ensured

Nutritional quality and bioactive properties of proteins and peptides from microalgae

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