Effects of three coupling coefficients on the spectrum characteristics of superstructure fiber grating

Abstract

For the superstructure fiber grating (SFG) consisting of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and long-period fiber grating (LPFG), there exist three kinds of coupling: the contra-directional coupling between forward propagating core mode and backward propagating core mode, the contra-directional coupling between core mode and cladding mode, and the co-directional coupling between core mode and cladding mode. By using the similarity transformation method for the coupled mode equations, the effects of three coupling coefficients κ co L, κ cl L, and κ S L on the transmission and reflection spectra of SFG have been investigated. The simulations show that the overall intensity of the transmission spectrum of SFG is decided by LPFG, that the main lobes of the transmission and reflectivity spectra of SFG are decided by coupling coefficients κ co L and κ S L, and that the side lobes of the transmission and reflectivity spectra are decided by coupling coefficients κ cl L and κ S L.