Effects of Training Status on the Metabolic Responses to High Carbohydrate and High Fat Meals

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a difference between the way in which aerobically trained and untrained women metabolize fats and carbohydrates at rest in response to either a high-fat or high-carbohydrate meal. Subjects, 6 per group, were fed a high CHO meal (2068 kJ, 76% CHO, 23% fat, 5% protein) and a high fat meal (2093 kJ, 21% CHO, 72% fat, 8% protein) in counterbalanced order. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured every half-hour for 5 hours. RMR was similar between groups. However, after ingesting a high CHO meal, trained subjects had a peak in metabolism at minute 60, not evident in the untrained subjects. In addition, postprandial RER from minutes 120-300 were lower and fat use was greater after the high CHO meal for the trained subjects. These results suggest that aerobically trained women have an accelerated CHO uptake and overall lower CHO oxidation following the ingestion of a high CHO meal.

The Energy Content and Composition of Meals Consumed after an Overnight Fast and Their Effects on Diet Induced Thermogenesis: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analyses and Meta-Regressions

“…Table 2 summarizes the interventions and outcomes of the studies. Nine studies were conducted in the USA [19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27], five in Japan [14,28,29,30], four in the UK [17,31,32,33], two in Australia [18,34], two in France [35,36], two in Denmark [15,37], one in Germany [38], one in Spain [39], and one in the Netherlands [16]. The majority of the studies were not blinded, three were double blinded [14,37], and two studies were single blinded [18,24].…”

“…The majority of the studies had a sample size <20; only four studies had ≥20 participants [24,33,35,39]. Fifteen studies had only males [14,18,19,21,22,23,25,28,30,33,34,35,36,37,39], eight studies had only females [14,20,24,27,29,31,32,38], and four studies had a mix of males and females [15,16,17,26]. …”

“…The majority of the studies required arrival at the research center after a fasting period ranging from 10 to 14 h [15,18,20,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,31,33,34,35,37,38]. Many studies also required refraining from any exercise/physical activity or vigorous exercise either from the evening/dinner before [24,28,30,34], or from the day before [17,19,20,29,35], or an even longer period of time (36 h to 3 days) [15,18,21,22,23,25,37]. Fasting RMR was then measured and the meal administered.…”

“…The majority of studies measured DIT periodically rather than continuously over two [34], three [22,23,29], three and a half [24,30], four [35,36], five [15,18,20,26,27,31], or six hours [14,17,19,26,31,38]; only eight studies measured it continuously over one and a half [28], three [33], three and a half [16], four [25], five [15,37,39], or six [21] hours. Therefore, the duration of the DIT measurement period ranged from one and a half to six hours.…”

“…Therefore, the duration of the DIT measurement period ranged from one and a half to six hours. The majority of studies measured DIT for five [15,18,20,26,27,31,37,39] or six hours [14,17,19,21,26,32,38]. Mean DIT ranged from 4.5 to 99.4 kJ/h and from 0.77 to 4.3%/h (ECM), or from 1.3% to 41% above baseline (AB).…”