Effects of two strobilurins (azoxystrobin and picoxystrobin) on embryonic development and enzyme activities in juveniles and adult fish livers of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Jia, Wei; Mao, Liangang; Zhang, Lan; Zhang, Yanning; Jiang, Hongyun

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.138

Cited by 63 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Most studies believed that the disease resistance-related enzyme activity is positively correlated with the disease resistance index, and it is a protective measure against plant pathogens. The enzyme activity of the diseased plants was lower than that of the disease-resistant plants [32][33][34], which is consistent with the results of this study. Therefore, in this article, we analyzed their ability to resist external stress by measuring the chlorophyll content and POD and SOD activity in 3186M, 3186L, 3-071, and JR.…”

Section: Abundant Type III Nonglandular Trichomes and A Higher Averagsupporting

confidence: 90%

The Roles of Different Types of Trichomes in Tomato Resistance to Cold, Drought, Whiteflies, and Botrytis

et al. 2020

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The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most popular vegetables in the world. In tomato production, due to the effects of diseases, insect pests, drought, and cold damage, large-scale production reduction is often caused. Plant trichomes are protruding attachments distributed on the surface of different plants, providing protection for plants. When the plant is under external stress, the trichomes can play an important role in protecting the plant from damage through its physical structure. The density and type of different trichomes are closely related to the stress resistance of tomatoes. The tomato wo mutant LA3186 (referred to herein as "3186M"), LA3186 (referred to herein as "3186L"), the ln mutant LA3-071 (referred to herein as "3-071"), and the tomato cultivar Jia Ren (referred to herein as "JR", used as the control), which possess different numbers of trichomes on the surface of the leaves, were used as materials; the glandular characteristics, types, and densities of the trichomes were observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM); and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe the subcellular structure in the leaves. The relationship between the different tomato trichomes and stress resistance was investigated with treatments of low temperature, drought, disease, and insects. This study provides a theoretical foundation and practical basis for the further utilization and regulation of the trichome-related characteristics of tomatoes.Agronomy 2020, 10, 411 2 of 16 VII are glandular trichomes, and II, III, V and VIII are nonglandular trichomes [8]. Type I glandular trichomes consist of six to 10 cells of slender glandular trichomes, are 2-3 mm in length, and have spherical and multicellular bases with small, round glandular cells at the hairy tip. Type I trichomes mainly contain acyl glucose. Type II nonglandular trichomes resemble type I trichomes but are nonglandular and short (0.2-1.0 mm) and have spherical and multicellular bases. Both type I glandular trichomes and type II nonglandular trichomes are spherical and multicellular at their base. The glands of the type I, IV, and VI trichomes contain acyl flavonoids, terpenoids, and sugars. Of these compounds, acyl sugar has a very high viscosity and can thus stick to herbivores and prevent them from feeding freely on the surface of a plant [9]. In addition, an increase in the flavonoid content on the surface of plants can prevent the exposure of the plant to highly penetrating UV-A (longwave blackspot-effect ultraviolet rays) and excessive damage [5]. Tomatoes can also produce or release some highly toxic compounds to prevent pest damage [2]. Dong and Huang found that trichomes of wheat cultivars resistant to root rot were significantly longer than those of commonly susceptible cultivars. This finding suggested that trichomes on plant leaves play an important role in resistance to wheat root rot pathogens [10,11].Trichomes can also protect plants from being damaged by excessive temperature and drought stress [12][13][14]. Th...

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Section: Abundant Type III Nonglandular Trichomes and A Higher Averagsupporting

confidence: 90%

The Roles of Different Types of Trichomes in Tomato Resistance to Cold, Drought, Whiteflies, and Botrytis

et al. 2020

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“…CAT, SOD, and POD are the primary antioxidant enzymes that represent neutrophil antimicrobial activity (65,66). SOD can convert oxygen radicals (O 2− ) into H 2 O 2 , which is subsequently disproportionated or decomposed by CAT and POD (67,68). The present study found that OnGal8-L overexpression enhanced the activities of AKP, ACP, LZM, CAT, POD, and SOD in serum, which clearly suggest that OnGal8-L can improve non-specific immunity and antioxidant activity in tilapia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Fish Galectin8-Like Exerts Positive Regulation on Immune Response Against Bacterial Infection

et al. 2020

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Galectin-8 is a member of the galectin family that is involved in immune response against pathogens. However, the roles of fish galectin-8 during pathogen infection require comprehensive studies. In this study, a galectin-8 homolog (OnGal8-like, OnGal8-L) was characterized from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and its roles in response to bacterial infection were analyzed. The OnGal8-L contains an open reading frame of 891 bp, encoding a peptide of 296 amino acids with two CRD regions of tandem-repeat galectin and two carbohydrate recognition sites. The OnGal8-L protein shares 46.42% identities with reported Oreochromis niloticus galectin-8 protein. Transcriptional expression analysis revealed that OnGal8-L was constitutively expressed in all examined tissues and was highly expressed in spleen. The transcript levels of OnGal8-L were up-regulated in the spleen, head kidney, and brain, following Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) challenge. Further in vitro analysis indicated that the recombinant protein of OnGal8-L (rOnGal8L) could agglutinate erythrocyte, S. agalactiae, and A. hydrophila and bind S. agalactiae, A. hydrophila, and various PAMPs (lipopolysaccharides, lipoteichoic acid, poly I:C, peptidoglycan, galactose, mannose, and maltose). Also, rOnGal8L could regulate inflammatory-related gene expression, phagocytosis, and a respiratory burst of monocytes/macrophages. Moreover, in vivo analysis showed that OnGal8-L overexpression could protect O. niloticus from S. agalactiae infection through modulating serum antibacterial activity (AKP, ACP, and LZM), antioxidant capacity (CAT, POD, and SOD), and monocyte/macrophage proliferation and cytokine expression, as well as reducing bacterial burden and decreasing tissue damage. Our results collectively indicate that OnGal8-L plays important regulatory roles in immune response against bacterial infection.

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“…In contrast, no negative effects of diclofenac on embryo development have been reported in common carp (Stepanova et al, ) and brown trout (Schwarz et al, ). In ecotoxicological assays of chemicals, zebrafish are increasingly used to examine abnormal embryogenesis, and there are many reports that abnormal embryogenesis is induced in zebrafish by various chemicals including agricultural chemicals (Cao et al, ; Jia, Mao, Zhang, Zhang, & Jiang, ; Maharajan, Muthulakshmi, Nataraj, Ramesh, & Kadirvelu, ; Sulukan et al, ; Yao, Yu, Zhou, Xiang, & Xu, ), pharmaceuticals (Chen et al, ; Félix et al, ; Kovács et al, ; present study) and metals (Horie, Yamagishi, Koshio, et al, ; Sun et al, ; Yin et al, ). These studies suggest that zebrafish embryos are particularly sensitive to chemical exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Benato et al (2013) reported that knockdown of autophagy/beclin-1 regulator 1 (ambra1) in zebrafish leads to incomplete embryogenesis due to severe defects in organogenesis. Exposure to various environmental chemicals is known to induce abnormal development of the spine in zebrafish (Cao et al, 2016;Chen et al, 2014;Horie, Yamagishi, Koshio, et al, 2017;Jia et al, 2018;Maharajan et al, 2018), however, the mechanisms underlying this induction remain unclear, so further studies are needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug diclofenac sodium induces abnormal embryogenesis and delayed lethal effects in early life stage zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Horie

Yamagishi

Yagi

et al. 2018

J of Applied Toxicology

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Diclofenac sodium, a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug widely used in both human and veterinary medicine, has been detected in aquatic environments; therefore, its ecotoxicological effects on aquatic organisms need to be clarified. Recently, toxicity testing using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos has been recommended from the point of view of animal welfare; therefore, we investigated the suitability of using sub‐lethal endpoints observed during embryogenesis for predicting lethal effects in early life stage zebrafish exposed to diclofenac sodium. After exposure to diclofenac sodium (0.4‐7.0 mg/L) from 2 hours post‐fertilization to 30 days post‐hatching, abnormal embryogenesis, characterized by the presence of edema and body curvature, was observed in the 7.0 mg/L exposure group but not in any other groups including controls. The body curvature was found to be the result of abnormal development of the spine. All abnormal embryos hatched without delay, but died within 1 week after hatching, suggesting that the combination of the sub‐lethal endpoints of edema and abnormal development of the spine during embryogenesis may predict lethal effects in early life stage zebrafish exposed to diclofenac sodium. Further investigations to verify these findings are needed. The value of the no observed effect concentrations for the embryogenesis, survival and growth endpoints were 3.5, 1.8 and >3.5 mg/L, respectively.

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Effects of two strobilurins (azoxystrobin and picoxystrobin) on embryonic development and enzyme activities in juveniles and adult fish livers of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Cited by 63 publications

References 27 publications

The Roles of Different Types of Trichomes in Tomato Resistance to Cold, Drought, Whiteflies, and Botrytis

The Roles of Different Types of Trichomes in Tomato Resistance to Cold, Drought, Whiteflies, and Botrytis

Fish Galectin8-Like Exerts Positive Regulation on Immune Response Against Bacterial Infection

The non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug diclofenac sodium induces abnormal embryogenesis and delayed lethal effects in early life stage zebrafish (Danio rerio)

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