Effects of urbanization on multiple human perceived temperatures in South China

Abstract

Under the combined effects of global warming and local human activities such as urbanization, increasing populations are exposed to the threat of extreme heat events. While the effects of regional urbanization on the changes in air temperature and its extremes have been well studied, the effects on mean and extreme human perceived temperatures (HPT) are still to be explored. Based on a dynamic meteorological station classification approach, this study quantitatively assessed the impacts and relative contribution of urbanization on the mean and extreme human perceived temperatures in South China by analyzing ten different human perceived temperatures indicators and taking Guangdong Province as an example. It was found that for all human perceived temperatures indicators, the mean human perceived temperatures and the frequency of extreme human perceived temperatures events in South China notably increased from 1971 to 2020, especially in the regions with comparatively higher levels of local urbanization (e.g., the Pearl River Delta). Urbanization contributed significantly to the long-term changes in both mean and extreme human perceived temperatures in Guangdong. On average, the relative contributions of urbanization to the total increases in mean human perceived temperatures and the frequency of extreme human perceived temperatures events were 15.5% and 15.1%, respectively. These contributions vary across different human perceived temperatures indicators, and the urbanization contributions to the human perceived temperatures indicators that consider the combined effects of wind speed were even higher than those merely related to near-surface air temperature and humidity. Among different seasons, the contributions of urbanization to mean and extreme human perceived temperatures in both fall and winter were greater than that in spring and summer. The findings reported here provide scientific advice for governments’ policy-making and adaption for human-perceived thermal comfort in subtropical humid climate zones.

Does climate change drive up government healthcare costs in the European Union?

“…As social infrastructure improves, governments in developed nations expand public healthcare benefits, raising national health budgets (Miranda-Lescano et al, 2023). Urbanization, another byproduct of development, brings unique healthcare needs (Lin and Guo, 2023) like stress management and pollution control, necessitating specialized services and escalating costs (Shao et al, 2022). Development also means greater integration into the global economy, leading to increased risks like pandemics that require substantial health expenditure to manage (Pervaiz et al, 2021).…”

“…Government initiatives to expand public healthcare in developed countries also contribute to rising health budgets (Miranda-Lescano et al, 2023). Urbanization, a development byproduct, poses unique health challenges like stress and pollution, requiring specialized and often expensive services (Shao et al, 2022;Lin and Guo, 2023). Furthermore, increased global interconnectedness exposes countries to risks like pandemics, requiring substantial healthcare spending (Pervaiz et al, 2021).…”