“…The aquatic environment is the ultimate recipient of an increasing amount of contaminants as a result of the discharge of industrial, agricultural, and urban wastes (Bartoskova et al, ; Capillo et al, ; Faggio, Pagano, Alampi, Vazzana, & Felice, ; Sehonova, Svobodova, Dolezelova, Vosmerova, & Faggio, ). A large number of pollutants in this complex mixture are responsible for multiple effects in organisms, including human beings, and ecosystem levels, affecting organ function, reproductive status, species survival, population size, and ultimately biodiversity (Aliko, Qirjo, Sula, Morina, & Faggio, ; Bickham, Sandhu, Hebert, Chikhi, & Athwal, ; Fazio et al, ; Fiorino et al, ; Pagano et al, ).…”