Efferent projections from the median preoptic nucleus to sleep- and arousal-regulatory nuclei in the rat brain

Uschakov, Aaron; Gong, Hang; McGinty, Dennis; Szymusiak, Ronald

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.05.055

Cited by 111 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…1B). The idea that MnPO neurons provide a local GABAergic connection to the MPO is also supported by previous anatomical observations that some MnPO neurons innervate the MPO (175) and that the MnPO contains many GABAergic neurons (42,102). Furthermore, many neurons in the MnPO, rather than other POA subregions, are activated (express c-Fos) in response to lowered environmental temperature (16) and the extracellular level of GABA in the POA is elevated during cold exposure and reduced during heat exposure in free-moving rats (60).…”

Section: Local Mechanism In the Poa For Thermoregulatory Responses Tosupporting

confidence: 60%

Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever

Nakamura

2011

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

440

394

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Nakamura K. Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 301: R1207-R1228, 2011. First published September 7, 2011 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00109.2011.-Body temperature regulation is a fundamental homeostatic function that is governed by the central nervous system in homeothermic animals, including humans. The central thermoregulatory system also functions for host defense from invading pathogens by elevating body core temperature, a response known as fever. Thermoregulation and fever involve a variety of involuntary effector responses, and this review summarizes the current understandings of the central circuitry mechanisms that underlie nonshivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue, shivering thermogenesis in skeletal muscles, thermoregulatory cardiac regulation, heat-loss regulation through cutaneous vasomotion, and ACTH release. To defend thermal homeostasis from environmental thermal challenges, feedforward thermosensory information on environmental temperature sensed by skin thermoreceptors ascends through the spinal cord and lateral parabrachial nucleus to the preoptic area (POA). The POA also receives feedback signals from local thermosensitive neurons, as well as pyrogenic signals of prostaglandin E 2 produced in response to infection. These afferent signals are integrated and affect the activity of GABAergic inhibitory projection neurons descending from the POA to the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) or to the rostral medullary raphe region (rMR). Attenuation of the descending inhibition by cooling or pyrogenic signals leads to disinhibition of thermogenic neurons in the DMH and sympathetic and somatic premotor neurons in the rMR, which then drive spinal motor output mechanisms to elicit thermogenesis, tachycardia, and cutaneous vasoconstriction. Warming signals enhance the descending inhibition from the POA to inhibit the motor outputs, resulting in cutaneous vasodilation and inhibited thermogenesis. This central thermoregulatory mechanism also functions for metabolic regulation and stress-induced hyperthermia.

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Section: Local Mechanism In the Poa For Thermoregulatory Responses Tosupporting

confidence: 60%

Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever

Nakamura

2011

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

440

394

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“…Maximal activation in VLPO neurons occurs during recovery sleep following SD, suggesting a role for VLPO neurons in regulating sleep continuity and sleep depth during recovery sleep (25). This hypothesized dichotomy of function (24, 46) is supported by electrophysiological (44, 45) and anatomical studies in adult animals (49,48,8).The present study evaluated the hypothesis that developmental changes in hypothalamic sleep-regulatory neuronal circuits during the fourth postnatal week contribute to the maturation of sleep homeostasis in rats. In a longitudinal study (experiment 1), we quantified baseline diurnal distribution and consolidation of sleep-wakefulness states on P21 and P29, using electrographic measures of sleep and wakefulness.…”

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confidence: 80%

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Maturation of sleep homeostasis in developing rats: a role for preoptic area neurons

Gvilia

Suntsova

Angara

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Gvilia I, Suntsova N, Angara B, McGinty D, Szymusiak R. Maturation of sleep homeostasis in developing rats: a role for preoptic area neurons. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 300: R885-R894, 2011. First published February 16, 2011 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00727.2010.-The present study evaluated the hypothesis that developmental changes in hypothalamic sleepregulatory neuronal circuits contribute to the maturation of sleep homeostasis in rats during the fourth postnatal week. In a longitudinal study, we quantified electrographic measures of sleep during baseline and in response to sleep deprivation (SD) on postnatal days 21/29 (P21/29) and P22/30 (experiment 1). During 24-h baseline recordings on P21, total sleep time (TST) during the light and dark phases did not differ significantly. On P29, TST during the light phase was significantly higher than during the dark phase. Mean duration of non-rapideye-movement (NREM) sleep bouts was significantly longer on P29 vs. P21, indicating improved sleep consolidation. On both P22 and P30, rats exhibited increased NREM sleep amounts and NREM electroencephalogram delta power during recovery sleep (RS) compared with baseline. Increased NREM sleep bout length during RS was observed only on P30. In experiment 2, we quantified activity of GABAergic neurons in median preoptic nucleus (MnPN) and ventrolateral preoptic area (VLPO) during SD and RS in separate groups of P22 and P30 rats using c-Fos and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) immunohistochemistry. In P22 rats, numbers of Fos ϩ GAD ϩ neurons in VLPO did not differ among experimental conditions. In P30 rats, Fos ϩ GAD ϩ counts in VLPO were elevated during RS. MnPN neuronal activity was state-dependent in P22 rats, but Fos ϩ GAD ϩ cell counts were higher in P30 rats. These findings support the hypothesis that functional emergence of preoptic sleep-regulatory neurons contributes to the maturation of sleep homeostasis in the developing rat brain. postnatal development; sleep-promoting systems; sleep homeostasis; preoptic hypothalamus SLEEP IN ADULT MAMMALS is homeostatically regulated. Rats exhibit a gradual emergence of different components of sleep homeostasis during postnatal development (5,14,40,47). Some aspects of sleep homeostasis are present in rats on postnatal day (P) 2, when sleep deprivation (SD) increases sleep time during postdeprivation recovery sleep (47). Postdeprivation increases in non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep delta (␦) power, a measure of the intensity of homeostatic response in adults (7), are observed in P24 rats but not in P20 rats (14). In developing rats, electroencephalogram (EEG) spectral power in the ␦ frequency (0.5-4.0 Hz) in NREM sleep progressively increases across P10 -P20 (13,22). However, the normal decline in NREM sleep ␦-wave activity during the rest phase, typical of adult rats and reflective of adult sleep homeostasis, is absent in rats younger than P24 (13). The above findings suggest that sleep homeostasis in rats undergoes significant maturation between the third and fourth po...

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“…This region of the PAG receives inputs from sleep-promoting neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic and median preoptic nuclei, and from REM sleep inhibiting orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (Lu et al, 2006b;Hsieh et al, 2011). The median preoptic, paraventricular, and periventricular hypothalamic nuclei also innervate the lateral and ventrolateral PAG; the medial preoptic area has a more complex pattern of topographic innervation of both the dorsomedial and lateral/ventrolateral PAG (Saper et al, 1976a;Saper and Levisohn, 1983;Luiten et al, 1985b;Rizvi et al, 1992;Uschakov et al, 2007). Recently a projection was reported from the leptin receptor expressing neurons of the dorsomedial hypothalamus to the ventrolateral PAG (Gautron et al, 2010).…”

Section: Periaqueductal Gray Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%