Efficacy of a Physician Assistant Student-Developed Behavior Change Program at a Local Free Clinic

Cusumano, Judy; Martin, Carla S.; Butler, Brittany; Bixler, Brian; Shirk, Kelsey

doi:10.1097/jpa.0000000000000106

Cited by 4 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In some studies, students were provided a training program before taking upon the role of delivering the intervention [ 32 , 37 , 40 , 45 ]. Other students were supervised by a health professional [ 31 , 39 ] or mentored by a senior peer [ 33 , 34 ] whilst providing the intervention. In two studies, students were mainly involved in collecting information prior to an intervention administered by health professionals [ 36 , 38 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two retrospective studies did not report how weight was measured (i.e. with calibrated scales or patient reported weight) [32,33]. One retrospective study did not report the method of measuring blood pressure (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Student-led health interventions were primarily located in a clinic setting [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. Of the student-led clinics, five studies described the service provided as a "free clinic" [33,36,41,42,44]. The exceptions to the clinic-based student-led services included one study that provided student-led home visits [45] and one study that provided a student-led discharge consultation [30].…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amongst overweight or obese patients, Brown and colleagues [32] provided 25 patients a 10 week program consisting of group classes by medicine, nursing or graduate studies students where each session was co-led by two to four students, Cusumano and colleagues' [33] 12-week program led by physician assistant students consisted of an individualised one to one intervention of weekly goals, 12 individual meetings, six cooking classes and one supermarket tour provided to 28 patients. Across both studies, a mean weight loss between 2 to 3 kg [32,33] and statistically significant reduction in mean BMI score 41.21 ± 10.64 kg/m 2 to 40.13 ± 10.98 kg/m 2 (p < 0.001) was achieved [33]. Whilst changes to BMI were statistically significant, these changes were not clinically meaningful [27].…”

Section: Body Weight Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whilst changes to BMI were statistically significant, these changes were not clinically meaningful [27]. A mean reduction of only 2-4% of total body weight was achieved through student-led interventions that provide an intensive group or individualised programs [32,33].…”

Section: Body Weight Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of student-led health interventions on patient outcomes for those with cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review

Suen

Attrill

Thomas

et al. 2020

BMC Cardiovasc Disord

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Background: As the need for health care services rise, alternative service delivery models such as student-led health interventions become attractive alternatives to alleviate the burden on healthcare. Predominantly, studentled health interventions were free clinics servicing socially disadvantaged communities in the USA. A 2015 systematic review identified that students value these student-run clinics and reported skill and knowledge attainment from participating. Previous research has reported on patient satisfaction outcomes, but less frequently about the clinical outcomes patients accrue from these student-delivered services. As cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, this review aimed to explore the effectiveness of student-led health interventions through examining their impact on objective clinical outcomes, using the case of patients at risk of, or with, cardiovascular disease. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in eight electronic databases to identify student-led health interventions conducted on adults with a cardiovascular disease risk factor or established cardiovascular disease, and a clinical outcome of interest. Through double-blinded screening and data extraction, sixteen studies were identified for synthesis. Results: The majority of student-led health interventions for patients at risk of cardiovascular disease demonstrated a positive impact on patient health. Statistically significant changes amongst patients at risk of cardiovascular disease appeared to be associated with student-led individualised intervention or group-based interventions amongst patients with diabetes or those who are overweight or obese. The evidence was of moderate quality, as included studies lacked a control group for comparison and detail to enable the intervention to be replicated. Conclusions: Future research applying a student-led health intervention through a randomised control trial, with rigorous reporting of both student and patient interventions and outcomes, are required to further understand the effectiveness of this alternative service delivery model.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Body Weight Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Body Weight Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effect of student-led health interventions on patient outcomes for those with cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review

Suen

Attrill

Thomas

et al. 2020

BMC Cardiovasc Disord

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Understanding Student-Run Health Initiatives in the Context of Community-Based Services: A Concept Analysis and Proposed Definitions

Nagel

Naccarato

Philip

et al. 2022

J Prim Care Community Health

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Background: Student-run health initiatives in the community setting have been utilized to provide practical experience for undergraduate students to develop professional competencies, gain exposure to diverse populations, and to engage in activities of social accountability. There is much literature on student-run health initiatives; however, there is no consensus on a definition of this concept or a comprehensive synthesis of the literature that describes student-run health initiatives offered by students in pre-licensure healthcare education programs. Purpose: To provide a concept analysis of, and propose a definition for, student-run health initiatives that provide community-based services for students during pre-licensure health discipline education. Methods: A systematic literature search and review process was used to identify and synthesize peer-reviewed articles from 7 academic databases covering a range of pre-licensure health disciplines and education. Walker and Avant’s framework for concept analysis was used to guide exploration of attributes, antecedents and consequences of student-run initiatives, and to inform development of a definition for this concept. Results: The review yielded 222 articles for data extraction and represented 17 distinct pre-licensure health disciplines, 18 health-related disciplines, and a range of other baccalaureate and graduate programs. Our analysis revealed 16 definitions, 5 attributes, 6 antecedents, and consequences identified for student-run health initiatives. Attributes were Provision of Service, Service is Free, Target Clientele, Volunteerism, and Student Governance. Antecedents included Purpose/Rationale, Affiliation with Academic Unit, Location and Partnerships, Funding and Resources, Professional Oversight, and Preparation for Student Role. Consequences were improved access to services and outcomes for clients; competency development, personal gains and interprofessional learning for students; and positive outcomes for broader systems, such as decrease of service utilization and cost/benefit. Conclusions: There was no clear conceptual definition for student-run health initiatives, but many defining characteristics and well-described exemplars in the literature. Given the variations in purpose and scope of these initiatives, particularly to distinguish degree of students’ roles in operations and the involvement of academic institutions, we propose 3 distinct conceptual definitions: student-run, student-led, and student-infused health initiatives.

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Patient Outcomes from Student-Run Health Services: An Integrative Review

Broman¹,

Tokolahi²,

Wilson³

et al. 2022

JMDH

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Background Student-run clinics (SRCs) offer an innovative approach to expand healthcare access and equity and increase clinical placement opportunities for students. However, research on the health benefits and/or outcomes of such clinics is currently fragmented. Methods An integrative review was conducted to capture and synthesize findings across a range of study types involving varied student disciplines, student delivered intervention types, and health conditions addressed or care areas of focus. Only published and peer reviewed studies were included. Studies needed to report outcomes in a defined study group measured over time, or report SRC data with explicit comparisons to non-SRC settings. Data were analyzed using inductive content analysis to identify major themes and natural clustering of health outcomes measured. Results Fifty-one articles were selected for review based on the eligibility criteria. Studies were predominantly from the United States, and most (n = 34, 67%) adopted a case review methodology for measuring outcomes. Health outcomes were evaluated in relation to a range of health conditions that, for the purposes of this review, were considered to naturally cluster into eight categories: diabetes, hypertension, functional health/quality of life, depression, hospital utilization, substance use, weight, health screening/vaccinations, and others. Conclusion This integrative review sought to evaluate the health outcomes accrued by patients in student-run health clinics. Taken as a whole, the literature suggests positive health outcomes resulting from student-run clinics across a range of health conditions. Greater confidence in care-related findings would be achieved from future research utilizing more robust and prospective study designs.

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Efficacy of a Physician Assistant Student-Developed Behavior Change Program at a Local Free Clinic

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Effect of student-led health interventions on patient outcomes for those with cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review

Effect of student-led health interventions on patient outcomes for those with cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review

Understanding Student-Run Health Initiatives in the Context of Community-Based Services: A Concept Analysis and Proposed Definitions

Patient Outcomes from Student-Run Health Services: An Integrative Review

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