Efficacy of adjunctive therapy using Vizoovet in improving clinical signs of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs: A pilot study

Dees, D. Dustin; Kent, Michael S.

doi:10.1111/vop.12763

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Due to the anatomical configuration of its skull, which leads to greater exposure of the eyeball, conditions such as caruncular trichiasis [ 20 ], medial lower eyelid entropion [ 20 ], exophthalmos [ 22 ], lagophthalmos [ 20 , 23 ], DED [ 22 ], and corneal ulcers [ 17 ] are frequently reported [ 19 ]. As a result of disturbances in tear production or increased tear evaporation, Shih-Tzu dogs can show clinical signs, such as those related to DED, leading to loss of vision [ 19 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shih-Tzu dogs show alterations in ocular surface homeostasis despite adequate aqueous tear production

Vitor,

de Carvalho Teixeira,

dos Santos

et al. 2024

Acta Vet Scand

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Background Shih-Tzu dogs are frequently affected by ocular surface disorders such as corneal ulceration and dry eye disease (DED). The aim of this study was to evaluate ocular surface homeostasis in Shih-Tzu dogs that have adequate aqueous production. Twenty-eight dogs were subjected to eyelid blink counting, Schirmer tear test (STT-1), ophthalmic evaluation, tear film break-up time (TBUT), fluorescein test and Masmali tear ferning (TF) grading scale. Results Of the 28 animals evaluated, the median value of incomplete eyelid blinks/min (median = 15.0 blinks/min; Interquartil interval - IQR = 8.7 blinks/min − 19.5 blinks/min) was higher than the complete blinks/min (median = 2.5 blinks/min; IQR = 1.6 blinks/min − 4.3 blinks/min), with statistically significant difference. The Schirmer tear test had a median value of 25.0 mm/min (IQR = 22.7 mm/min − 27.5 mm/min), considered within the normal range for the species. On ophthalmic examination, all dogs had trichiasis of the caruncle and medial lower eyelid entropion. Lagophthalmos was the third most common alteration observed (71.4%; 20/28). The median of TBUT was 4.0 s; (IQR = 3.0 – 6.0 s). All the animals were negative to the fluorescein test and the TFT indicated that the majority of the eyes (51.8%; 29/56) were classified in abnormal grades 3 and 4 according to the Masmali tear ferning (TF) grading scale. Conclusions Although the Shith-Tzu dogs had STT-1 values within the normal range for the species there was high prevalence of abnormal TFT grades and low TBUT in all dogs, showing that despite adequate aqueous production, these dogs have poor precorneal tear film quality. In addition, the dogs showed few complete eyelid blinks and ophthalmic alterations, promoting poor tear film diffusion. All these findings, isolated or together, can result in DED.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shih-Tzu dogs show alterations in ocular surface homeostasis despite adequate aqueous tear production

Vitor,

de Carvalho Teixeira,

dos Santos

et al. 2024

Acta Vet Scand

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“…For these reasons, it is essential to seek effective additional therapy. The common complementary active ingredients are of natural origins, such as ω-3 fatty acids [ 18 ], propolis, aloe vera, chamomile, and melon [ 19 , 20 ], which showed encouraging therapeutic potential. The active ingredients of these sources are mainly polyphenols, the effect of which has been the subject of many in vitro and in vivo studies in the treatment of DED [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Fisetin on Cyclosporine-Treated Dry Eye Disease in Dogs

Krajčíková

Balicka²,

Lapšanská³

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Dry eye disease (DED) is a chronic debilitating ophthalmological disease with the current therapeutic options focused on the suppression of the symptoms. Among the possibilities of how to improve DED therapy, polyphenols have shown an enormous capacity to counteract DED functional changes. The study aimed to specifically target pathophysiological mechanisms by the addition of fisetin to the cyclosporine treatment protocol. We examined dog patients with DED on cyclosporine treatment that were administered 0.1% fisetin or fisetin-free eye drops. For the assessment of fisetin effects, tear film production and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) were studied in the tear film. Tear production was not recovered after 7 or 14 days (9.40 mm ± 6.02 mm, p = 0.47; 9.80 mm ± 6.83 mm, p = 0.53, respectively). MMP-9 levels significantly increased after 7 days and then dropped after 14 days (775.44 ng/mL ± 527.52 ng/mL, p = 0.05; 328.49 ng/mL ± 376.29 ng/mL, p = 1.00, respectively). Fisetin addition to cyclosporine DED treatment was not able to restore tear fluid production but influenced molecular pathological events through MMP-9.

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“…Due to the anatomical con guration of their skull, which leads to increased exposure of the eyeball, conditions such as exophthalmos [18], lagophthalmos [19], DED [15], and corneal ulcers [14] are commonly reported [16]. As a result of disorders in tear production or increased tear evaporation, these patients may exhibit clinical signs, such as those related to DED, which can ultimately lead to vision loss [16,20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of tear film breakup time, Schirmer tear test, blink rate and tear ferning test in Shih-Tzu dogs

Vitor,

Teixeira,

Santos

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Shih-Tzu dogs are severely affected by lacrimal surface ophthalmic disorders, such as Dry Eye Disease (DED). The objective of this study was to evaluate tear quality in Shih-Tzu dogs. Thirty dogs underwent eyelid blink counting, tear film breakup time (TBUT) test, Schirmer tear test (STT-1), and tear ferning test (TFT). Results: Of the 30 animals evaluated, 28 had STT-1 values within the normal range, with a mean and median of 24.5 and 25 mm/min, respectively. The mean and median of TBUT were 3.8 and 4 seconds, respectively. The majority of TFT classifications suggested ophthalmic alterations, with 61.1% classified as grade III according to the Rolando scale, and 46.4% as grade 3 according to the Masmali scale. In the blink rate, the mean and median values for incomplete eyelid blinks/min (86.9 and 67.5) were higher than for complete blinks/min (22.9 and 12), and this difference was statistically significant (p=0.001). Two dogs had STT-1 values below the reference range, with 10 mm/min in the right eye (RE) and 7 mm/min in the left eye (LE) for the first dog, and 9 mm/min (RE) and 10 mm/min (LE) for the second dog. The TBUT for the first dog was 3 and 4 seconds in the RE and LE, respectively, while for the second dog, it was 3 and 2 seconds in the RE and LE, respectively. Regarding TFT classification, the first dog had type II according to the Rolando scale for both eyes and grade 2 according to the Masmali scale for both eyes, while the second dog had type IV according to the Rolando scale for both eyes and grade 4 according to the Masmali scale for both eyes. In the blink rate, the evaluators observed a mean and median of 9.3 and 6 complete eyelid blinks/min, and 43.6 and 55 incomplete blinks/min for the first dog, and 3.3 and 3 complete eyelid blinks/min, and 43.3 and 44 incomplete blinks/min for the second dog. Conclusions: Under the conditions of this study, despite the animals having STT-1 values within the normal range for the species, there was a high prevalence of type III and grade 3 tear ferning pattern according to the Rolando and Masmali scales, respectively. These patterns are not considered healthy in dogs. Additionally, the dogs exhibited few complete eyelid blinks and a high frequency of incomplete blinks. This finding indicates that the animals, despite having an adequate aqueous fraction, have compromised tear quality and poor spreading of the tear film, which may result in Dry Eye Disease (DED). Further studies are necessary with animals showing STT-1 values below the normal range to better elucidate the abnormalities associated with DED.

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Efficacy of adjunctive therapy using Vizoovet in improving clinical signs of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs: A pilot study

Cited by 4 publications

References 66 publications

Shih-Tzu dogs show alterations in ocular surface homeostasis despite adequate aqueous tear production

Shih-Tzu dogs show alterations in ocular surface homeostasis despite adequate aqueous tear production

The Effects of Fisetin on Cyclosporine-Treated Dry Eye Disease in Dogs

Evaluation of tear film breakup time, Schirmer tear test, blink rate and tear ferning test in Shih-Tzu dogs

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