Efficacy of Different Alcohol-based Hand Disinfectants in Reduction of Hand Contamination among Food Handlers in Alexandria, Egypt

El-Kady, Hadir

doi:10.9734/jamb/2018/45345

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Among 225 respondents who participated in this study, one or more bacterial pathogens were isolated from 162 study subjects with a prevalence of 72% (95%CI: 66.2-77.8%). This result is nearly coherent with the results reported across the globe: Sari city, north of Iran (62.2%) [31], Tripoli, Libya (71.41%) [32], Alexandria, Egypt (60%) [33], Mauritius (91.0%) [12] and Ethiopia (49.6%,70.1%,55.7% & 83.9%) [8][9][10]34]. On the other hand, the result is higher than the results reported in Eastern India (37.9%) [5], Sudan (23.2%) [7], and Ethiopia (29.5%) [14].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Profiles of Bacteria Isolates and their Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern among Housemaids Working in Communal Living Residences in Jimma City, Ethiopia

Shiwito Ango,

Teshome,

Getahun

et al. 2023

CCRS

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Background: Bacterial pathogens continued to be the major causes of foodborne gastroenteritis in humans and remained public health important pathogens across the globe. As regards, housemaids operating inside a kitchen could be the source of infection and may transmit disease-inflicting pathogens through infected hands. Profiles of bacteria isolates and their antimicrobial resistance patterns among housemaids employed in dwellings in Ethiopia; particularly in the study area haven’t been underexplored yet. Objective: A study aimed to assess the profiles of bacteria isolates and antimicrobial resistance patterns among housemaids working in communal living residences in Jimma City, Ethiopia. Methods: Laboratory-based cross-sectional study design was employed among 230 housemaids from April-June 2022. Hand swabs samples from the dominant hand of the study participants were collected under sterile conditions for the segregation of commensal microbes following standard operating procedures. Then in the laboratory, the swabs were inoculated aseptically using streak-plating methods on mannitol salt agar, MacConkey agar, Salmonella-shigella agar, and Eosin Methylene Blue Agar. Then inoculated samples were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours for bacterial isolation. In addition, a set of biochemical tests was applied to examine bacterial species. Data was entered into Epidata version 3.1. All statistics were performed using SPSS® statistics version 26. Descriptive analyses were summarized using frequency and percentage. Results: The response rate of respondents was 97.8%. The prevalence of bacterial contaminants in the hands of housemaids who tested positive was 72% (95%CI: 66.2-77.8%). The isolated bacterial were Staphylococcus aureus (31.8%), Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (0.9%), Escherichia coli (21.5%), Salmonella (1.3%), Shigella (6.7%), Klebsiella species (23.3%) and Proteus species (14.8%). The isolation rate of bacteria was significantly associated with the removal watch, ring, and bracelet during hand washing. Most isolated bacteria were sensitive to Chloramphenicol while the majority of them were resistant to Tetracycline, Gentamycin, Vancomycin, and Ceftazidime. Conclusion: Hands of housemaids are important potential sources of disease-causing bacterial pathogens that would result in the potential risk of foodborne diseases. Most isolated bacteria were resistant to tested antimicrobial drugs. Everybody responsible should work practice of good hand hygiene.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Profiles of Bacteria Isolates and their Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern among Housemaids Working in Communal Living Residences in Jimma City, Ethiopia

Shiwito Ango,

Teshome,

Getahun

et al. 2023

CCRS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Among 225 respondents who participated in this study, one or more bacterial pathogens were isolated from 162 study subjects with a prevalence of 72% (95%CI: 66.2 – 77.8%). This result is nearly coherent with the results reported across the globe: Sari city, north of Iran (62.2%) [ 31 ], Tripoli, Libya (71.41%) [ 32 ], Alexandria, Egypt (60%) [ 33 ], Mauritius (91.0%) [ 12 ] and Ethiopia (49.6%,70.1%,55.7% & 83.9%) [ 8–10 , 34 ]. On the other hand, the result is higher than the results reported in Eastern India (37.9%) [ 5 ], Sudan (23.2%) [ 7 ], and Ethiopia (29.5%) [ 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Tripoli, Libya (71.41%) [32], Alexandria, Egypt (60%) [33], Mauritius (91.0%) [12] and Ethiopia (49.6%,70.1%,55.7% & 83.9%) [8][9][10]34]. On the other hand, the result is higher than the results reported in Eastern India (37.9%) [5], Sudan (23.2%) [7], and Ethiopia (29.5%) [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Profiles of bacteria isolates and their antimicrobial resistance pattern among housemaids working in communal living residences in Jimma City, Ethiopia

Ango

Teshome

Getahun

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Bacterial pathogens continued to be the major causes of foodborne gastroenteritis in humans and remained public health important pathogens across the globe. As regards, housemaids operating inside a kitchen could be the source of infection and may transmit disease-inflicting pathogens through infected hands. Profiles of bacteria isolates and their antimicrobial resistance patterns among housemaids employed in dwellings in Ethiopia; particularly in the study area haven’t been underexplored yet. Objective: A study aimed to assess the profiles of bacteria isolates and antimicrobial resistance patterns among housemaids working in communal living residences in Jimma City, Ethiopia. Methods: Laboratory-based cross-sectional study design was employed among 230 housemaids from April-June 2022. Hand swabs samples from the dominant hand of the study participants were collected under sterile conditions for the segregation of commensal microbes following standard operating procedures. Then in the laboratory, the swabs were inoculated aseptically using streak-plating methods on mannitol salt agar, MacConkey agar, Salmonella-shigella agar, and Eosin Methylene Blue Agar. Then inoculated samples were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours for bacterial isolation. In addition, a set of biochemical tests was applied to examine bacterial species. Data was entered into Epidata version 3.1. All statistics were performed using SPSS® statistics version 26. Descriptive analyses were summarized using frequency and percentage. Results: The response rate of respondents was 97.8%. The prevalence of bacterial contaminants in the hands of housemaids who tested positive was 72% (95%CI: 66.2-77.8%). The isolated bacterial were Staphylococcus aureus (31.8%), Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (0.9%), Escherichia coli (21.5%), Salmonella (1.3%), Shigella (6.7%), Klebsiella species (23.3%) and Proteus species (14.8%). The isolation rate of bacteria was significantly associated with the removal watch, ring, and bracelet during hand washing. Most isolated bacteria were sensitive to Chloramphenicol while the majority of them were resistant to Tetracycline, Gentamycin, Vancomycin, and Ceftazidime. Conclusions: Hands of housemaids are important potential sources of disease-causing bacterial pathogens that would result in the potential risk of foodborne diseases. Most isolated bacteria were resistant to tested antimicrobial drugs. Everybody responsible should work practice of good hand hygiene.

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“…However, the result is higher than the reported prevalence by a previous study performed in Iran with a bacteria isolation rate of 62.2% ( 25 ), Egypt with a positive culture for one or more microbial contaminants (60%) ( 56 ), Sudan with a carrier of pathogenic bacteria (23.2%) ( 24 ), and in different parts of Ethiopia: Jimma (49.6, 6.9, and 19.0%) ( 11 , 15 , 20 ), Gondar town (13. 2%) ( 1 ), Debre Markos (29.5 and 46.7%) ( 16 , 17 ), and Dessie town (59.4%) ( 12 ).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

“…However, the result is lower than the study performed in Sudan (71.8%) ( 24 ), Iran (46%) ( 25 ), Nigeria (68.9%) ( 58 ), Eritrea (63.1%) ( 59 ), and Ethiopia; Addis Ababa Regional Laboratory (50.0%) ( 60 ) and Ethiopia’s Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (DMCSH) (46.2%) ( 19 ), but higher than the study conducted in Alexandria, Egypt (22%) ( 56 ), Eastern India (3.44%) ( 5 ), and Ethiopia; University of Gondar (16%) ( 14 ); Debre Markos (5%) ( 17 ); Gondar Town (16.5%) ( 61 ), and Jimma University main campus (23.5%) ( 15 ). The discrepancy in the isolation rate of S. aureus might be due to differences in the sociodemographic characteristics, the study periods, the study settings and participants, the working environment, and the sample size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacteria isolated from the hands of housemaids in Jimma City, Ethiopia

Ango,

Gelaw,

Zegene

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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IntroductionBacterial pathogens continue to be a major cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in humans and remain a public health problem. Housemaids operating inside a kitchen could be the source of infection and may transmit disease-inflicting pathogens through contaminated hands.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacteria isolated from the hands of housemaids in Jimma City, Ethiopia.MethodsA laboratory-based cross-sectional study was employed among 234 housemaids. Hand swab samples from the dominant hand of the study participants were collected under sterile conditions following standard operating procedures. Then, in the laboratory, the swabs were inoculated aseptically using streak-plating methods on the growth media, such as mannitol salt agar [Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci], MacConkey agar [Klebsiella species and Proteus species], salmonella-shigella agar [Salmonella species and Shigella species], and eosin methylene blue agar [Escherichia coli (E. coli)]. In addition, a set of biochemical tests was applied to examine bacterial species. Data were double-entered into EpiData version 3.1 and then exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26 for further analysis. Descriptive analyses were summarized using frequency and percentage.ResultsThe proportion of housemaids’ hands containing one or more positive bacterial isolates was 72% (95% CI: 66.2, 77.8). The dominant bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (31.6%), Escherichia coli (21.3%), Salmonella species (1.3%), Shigella species (6.7%), Klebsiella species (23.1%) and Proteus species (14.7%). Fingernail status (AOR =15.31, 95% CI: 10.372, 22.595) and the removal of a watch, ring, and bracelet during hand washing (AOR = 20.844, 95% CI: 2.190, 9.842) were significantly associated with the prevalence of bacterial isolation. Most Staphylococcus aureus isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol (98.6%). Escherichia coli isolates were susceptible to tetracycline (75%), ceftriaxone (79.2%), chloramphenicol (87.5%), and ceftazidime (77.1%). Eighty percent of isolated Shigella species were susceptible to chloramphenicol and gentamicin respectively. In addition, Klebsiella and Proteus species exhibited high susceptibility to chloramphenicol. However, their isolates showed resistance against a number of the tested antimicrobials. Staphylococcus aureus isolates (28.2%) were resistance to tetracycline. Moreover, One-quarter of Escherichia coli isolates were resistance to tetracycline, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, and ceftazidime. Whereas 46.7% and 48.5% of isolated Shigella species and Proteus species were resistance to tetracycline and ceftriaxone.ConclusionThe hands of housemaids are important potential sources of pathogenic bacteria that would result in the potential risk of foodborne diseases. Most bacteria isolates were resistant to tetracycline, ceftriaxone, and ceftazidime. Therefore, practicing good hand hygiene helps to prevent and control the spread of antimicrobial-resistant microbes.

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Efficacy of Different Alcohol-based Hand Disinfectants in Reduction of Hand Contamination among Food Handlers in Alexandria, Egypt

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Profiles of Bacteria Isolates and their Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern among Housemaids Working in Communal Living Residences in Jimma City, Ethiopia

Profiles of Bacteria Isolates and their Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern among Housemaids Working in Communal Living Residences in Jimma City, Ethiopia

Profiles of bacteria isolates and their antimicrobial resistance pattern among housemaids working in communal living residences in Jimma City, Ethiopia

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacteria isolated from the hands of housemaids in Jimma City, Ethiopia

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