Efficacy of nine-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease in The Gambia: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

IC31®, a Two‐Component Novel Adjuvant Mixed with a Conjugate Vaccine Enhances Protective Immunity against Pneumococcal Disease in Neonatal Mice

“…TD antigens have the advantage over TI antigens that immune response can be induced at or shortly after birth and they induce affinity maturation of antibodies and immunological memory (reviewed in [1]) all of which are important to generate strong and long-lasting immunity at an early age. Seven serotypes of PPS conjugated to CRM197, a non-toxic variant of diphtheria toxin [2] was licensed in the year 2000 (Prevnar) and is highly efficacious against invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia [3][4][5] and reduces otitis media [6,7], although it needs to be administrated several times before it yields protective antibody (Ab) levels in infants and young children. In many developing countries visits to health-care centres are scarce and vaccine coverage is higher in younger infants.…”

Impacto da vacina conjugada contra Streptococcus pneumoniae em doenças invasivas

“…Figure 1 shows the results of studies which assessed the impact of conjugate pneumococcus serotypes (PS) and VST vaccines. 16,21,24,25 In a study conducted in the USA (Kaiser Permanent), the protection given against pneumonia with radiological confirmation was higher than 59%, and for clinically diagnosed pneumonias (without radiological confirmation), 11%. 16 It is important to emphasize that clinical and radiological definition of pneumonia is very difficult.…”

“…41 It is important to draw attention to the studies conducted in Africa demonstrating the effectiveness of conjugate pneumonia vaccine. 24,25 The Gambia study was randomized, with double-blind control and involved 22,000 children. The protection given by Pnc9 vaccine for radiologically confirmed pneumonia was 27%, and in comparison with the control group, there were 16% fewer deaths in vaccinated children.…”

“…The protection given by Pnc9 vaccine for radiologically confirmed pneumonia was 27%, and in comparison with the control group, there were 16% fewer deaths in vaccinated children. 25 …”

“…25 Taking into account that the majority of French children under the age of 5 years present at least one additional factor for IPD (prematurity, low birth weight, breastfeeding for a period shorter than 2 months, attending day care centers, precarious social conditions), Pnc7 vaccine was implemented in the routine calendar of France. 47 …”