Efficacy of Photoinduced Photoacoustic Streaming and Diode Laser Irrigation Techniques on Smear Layer Removal, Sealer Penetration and Push-out Bond Strength

Abstract

Introduction: The present study aimed to test the efficiency of photoinduced photoacoustic streaming using 2940 nm Er: YAG laser and 980 nm diode laser agitation on smear layer removal, sealer penetration and push-out bond strength. Methods: Sixty single canaled human permanent teeth were collected for this study. Specimens were grouped into three experimental groups (20 teeth in each group), depending on the activation protocol used for final irrigation: Group I (needle agitation), group II (980nm diode laser agitation) and group III (photon induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) using 2940 nm Er: YAG laser. The quantity of irrigant was standardized in all groups to 4 ml. The irrigant was activated for 40 seconds in different groups under continuous flow. Two teeth from each group were used to check the smear layer removal, and then the remaining teeth in each group were randomly divided into three equal experimental subgroups according to methods of evaluation used: subgroup A: Sealing ability evaluated by dye penetration method; subgroup B: SEM for sealer penetration; and subgroup C: Push-out bond strength assessed by the universal test machine. Results: As regards smear layer removal, results showed that the PIPS group had opened dentinal tubules, followed by the diode laser group, while the least cleaning effect was found in the Side-vented needle group. As for Sealing ability and dye penetration, a statistically significant difference was found between all of the three groups, with the Er:YAG laser (PIPS) having the best sealing ability and sealer penetration. Push-out bond strength results showed no statistically significant difference between diode and Er:YAG groups, with a significant difference between each of them and the Side-vented needle group. Conclusion: Using the diode or Er:YAG laser (PIPS) for irrigant activation led to better irrigant penetration and smear layer removal which subsequently led to obvious sealer penetration, better sealing, and strength properties of endodontic treated teeth.

Efficacy of Different Final Irrigant Activation Protocols on the Penetration Depth of a Calcium Silicate-Based Bioceramic Root Canal Sealer

“…In accordance with the present result, Akcay et al 6 found that Er: YAG laser activation with PIPS technique and PUI had remarkable better dentinal sealer penetration than CI, also a study by Abdel-Gawad et al 31 reported that the Er: YAG laser (PIPS) possessing the ideal sealing ability and sealer penetration when compared to diode laser and CI. Furthermore, when equivalent root canal thirds were compared, the current results correlate with Eldeeb et al 32 who demonstrated greater sealer penetration following PIPS activation with the exception of the apical third, which had root canal preparation of 25/4%.…”

Microtensile Bond Strength of Universal Adhesive to Dentin After Er: Yag Laser Pretreatment With Different Conditioning Modes - An in Vitro Study

“…When used in low energy mode, there is less thermally altered layer favoring resin infiltration [17,18]. In Endodontics, Laser tips are used to activate irrigating solution which results in formation of bubbles and consequent evaporation of water molecules leading to efficient removal of smear layer leading to increased bond strength of fibre post to root dentin [19,20].…”