Efficiency of using the biological potential of fiber flax varieties of the Tomsk school of breeding in flax straw processing

Abstract

The information on the structure of the areas cultivated with fiber flax in Russia in 2016-2020 is presented. The varieties of the Tomsk school of breeding occupy almost 30% of the total area under crops. The study was carried out in the flax-growing regions of Russia in 2001-2020. The technological value of flax raw material of the studied varieties of fiber flax for processing flax of various quality at flax processing enterprises was determined. The indicators for the total fiber yield, long and short fiber yield, long fiber number and short fiber number, and the combination of these features were studied. The efficiency of using the potential capabilities of the studied varieties in relation to the data of the State Variety Testing was established. According to the results of flax straw processing and the rating assessment of these varieties in relation to the best and worst ones, it was found that the following varieties can be referred to as the ones with low-quality flax straw: Tomsk 18 - by the yield of short fiber (24.9%), Tomsk 16 - by the number of long fiber (11.08 N), Tost - by the number of short fiber (3.42 N) and the complex of features (average rating index of 9.8 positions). The group of the best varieties for the total fiber yield includes Tomsk 18 (33.2%) and Tost (32.2%), for the long fiber yield - Tost (13.1%), for the short fiber yield (23.2%) and the number of short fiber (5.20 N) - Tomsk 18 (high-quality flax). None of the varieties presented fulfil the biological potential in the processing of flax straw under production conditions in terms of the total fiber yield and the yield of long fiber, established by the State Variety Testing. Its value for the varieties of the Tomsk school of breeding is 65.2-86.3% for the total fiber yield, 17.6-31.4% for the long fiber yield (low-quality flax straw), 77.7-94.2 and 30.5-52.2%, respectively (high-quality flax straw).