Efficient and Accurate 3-D Numerical Modelling of Landslide Tsunami

Li, Guodong; Chen, Guoding; Li, Pengfeng; Jing, Haixiao

doi:10.3390/w11102033

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…Starting from the experiments of Fritz et al (2001), Mader and Gittings (2002), Quecedo et al (2004), Weiss and Wuennemann (2007), and Basu et al (2010) also numerically simulated the 1958 Lituya Bay tsunami event, with a focus on the impact area, by applying the Navier-Stokes hydrodynamics code in two dimensions. Mader (2001) applied the Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) code to model distinct wave trigger mechanisms. These studies stated that a landslide led a tsunami wave to flood Lituya Bay in July 1958 but that it had a mobilised water volume 10 times lower than the volume of the collapsed rockslide.…”

Section: Existing Studies On the 1958 Lituya Bay Tsunami Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 1958 Lituya Bay tsunami – pre-event bathymetry reconstruction and 3D numerical modelling utilising the computational fluid dynamics software Flow-3D

Franco

Moernaut

Schneider‐Muntau

et al. 2020

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. This study aims to test the capacity of Flow-3D regarding the simulation of a rockslide-generated impulse wave by evaluating the influences of the extent of the computational domain, the grid resolution, and the corresponding computation times on the accuracy of modelling results. A detailed analysis of the Lituya Bay tsunami event (1958, Alaska, maximum recorded run-up of 524 m a.s.l.) is presented. A focus is put on the tsunami formation and run-up in the impact area. Several simulations with a simplified bay geometry are performed in order to test the concept of a “denser fluid”, compared to the seawater in the bay, for the impacting rockslide material. Further, topographic and bathymetric surfaces of the impact area are set up. The observed maximum run-up can be reproduced using a uniform grid resolution of 5 m, where the wave overtops the hill crest facing the slide source and then flows diagonally down the slope. The model is extended along the entire bay to simulate the wave propagation. The tsunami trimline is well recreated when using (a) a uniform mesh size of 20 m or (b) a non-uniform mesh size of 15 m × 15 m × 10 m with a relative roughness of 2 m for the topographic surface. The trimline mainly results from the primary wave, and in some locations it also results from reflected waves. The denser fluid is a suitable and simple concept to recreate a sliding mass impacting a waterbody, in this case with maximum impact speed of ∼93 m s−1. The tsunami event and the related trimline are well reproduced using the 3D modelling approach with the density evaluation model available in Flow-3D.

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Section: Existing Studies On the 1958 Lituya Bay Tsunami Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 1958 Lituya Bay tsunami – pre-event bathymetry reconstruction and 3D numerical modelling utilising the computational fluid dynamics software Flow-3D

Franco

Moernaut

Schneider‐Muntau

et al. 2020

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Water-induced slope failure is a common geological disaster threatening infrastructures and lives. Severe rainfall events, intense storms, changes in groundwater level, snowmelt and roaring waves substantially affect the mechanical and infiltration processes and consequently lead to the instability of slopes [1][2][3][4]. Thus, proper characterization of hydraulic properties in slopes can better assess the stability and mitigate the water-induced slope failures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conditions of Hydraulic Heterogeneity under Which Bayesian Estimation is More Reliable

Yang

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2020

Water

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Natural heterogeneity of soil hydraulic properties is significant for the design and construction of geotechnical structures, and should be adequately characterized. Accurate measurements of hydraulic properties remain a difficult job and do not always work well for further design and analysis. Field hydraulic monitoring data reflects the overall slope performance and provide a more representative estimation of in-situ soil hydraulic properties for back analysis. The objective of this study is to explore the conditions under which monitoring data can provide reliable estimates of hydraulic parameters. Different distributions of soil heterogeneity generate a total number of 500 sets of synesthetic monitoring data. Bayesian inversion with the integration of Karhunen-Loève (K-L) and polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) is chosen to estimate the spatially varied saturated coefficient of permeability ks. The results show that the method is accurate and reliable, with less than 3% percentage error and 0.08 coefficient of variation (COV) around the monitoring points. There are two characteristics of the best-estimated fields. First, the ranges of ks for best-estimated fields are much narrower than the worst estimated fields. Second, when the larger ks values are distributed in the unsaturated zone of slope crest, it will lead to the best estimation. It is suggested that monitoring data can provide a reliable estimation of heterogeneous ks when the ratio of ground surface flux to ks in the unsaturated zone of slope crest is less than 1/150. Small values of ks in the slope crest result in the response of pressure head far from the responses of homogenous ks in the unsaturated zone. This complex response of the pressure head further causes the ill identification of ks by Bayesian estimation.

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“…Unlike the previous studies conducted in rectangular prismatic water wave channels with landslides impacting a reservoir along the longitudinal direction, the present study considers the 3D effect relating to narrow valleys and slides impinging perpendicular to a reservoir's longitudinal axis (see Figure 1b). The overtopping process (phase three) of a dam as a result of landslide-generated impulse waves has been investigated with physical model experiments [15,[19][20][21][22][23] and numerical modelling [1,16,[24][25][26]. Among the numerical modelling done to study this process, a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) approach has been used with 2D [24,25] and 3D [27] numerical simulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Model Study on Discharge over a Dam Due to Landslide Generated Waves

Tessema

Sigtryggsdóttir

Lia

et al. 2020

Water

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Impulse waves generated by landslides falling into reservoirs may lead to overtopping of a dam and, in turn, to flooding of the downstream area. In the case of an embankment dam, the overtopping may lead to erosion of the downstream slope, ultimately resulting in breaching and complete failure with consequent further hazardous release of water to the downstream area. This research deals with the overtopping process of a dam due to landslide generated waves in a three-dimensional (3D) physical scale model setup. Experiments have been conducted with varying the slide, reservoir, and dam parameters. The primary focus is on investigating the feasibility of employing the steady state weir equation in order to predict the overtopping discharge over a dam crest due to landslide generated waves. Calibration and validation of the coefficient of discharge values for the different dam section are conducted for the specified model setup. Accordingly, a two-step calculation procedure is presented for predicting the overtopping discharge based on the maximum overtopping depth values. Hence, for the fixed setup, which includes a constant slope angle of the landslide surface, a predictive equation for maximum overtopping depth is proposed, based on slide volume, slide release height, still water depth, upstream dam slope angle, and dam height. The relative slide volume and relative still water depth both seem to have a significant effect on the relative overtopping depth.

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Efficient and Accurate 3-D Numerical Modelling of Landslide Tsunami

Cited by 15 publications

References 49 publications

The 1958 Lituya Bay tsunami – pre-event bathymetry reconstruction and 3D numerical modelling utilising the computational fluid dynamics software Flow-3D

The 1958 Lituya Bay tsunami – pre-event bathymetry reconstruction and 3D numerical modelling utilising the computational fluid dynamics software Flow-3D

Conditions of Hydraulic Heterogeneity under Which Bayesian Estimation is More Reliable

Physical Model Study on Discharge over a Dam Due to Landslide Generated Waves

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