Efficient extraction of lignin from black liquor via a novel membrane-assisted electrochemical approach

Jin, Wei; Tolba, Rasha; Wen, Jiali; Li, Kecheng; Chen, Aicheng

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2013.06.031

Cited by 55 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…[3] Substantial efforts have been undertaken to extract lignin from black liquor by adopting biological, chemical and electrochemical methods. [188][189][190][191] One common method is to lower the pH of black liquor with acids (mostly sulfuric acid) followed by CO 2 precipitation to extract the lignin. [192] However, operational issues related to acidic filtrate limits the broader application of the process.…”

Section: Lignin Fractionation From Black Liquormentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Lignin Conversion

et al. 2020

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Lignin is the largest source of renewable aromatic compounds, making the recovery of aromatic compounds from this material a significant scientific goal. Recently, many studies have reported on lignin depolymerization and upgrading strategies. Electrochemical approaches are considered to be low cost, reagent free, and environmentally friendly, and can be carried out under mild reaction conditions. In this Review, different electrochemical lignin conversion strategies, including electrooxidation, electroreduction, hybrid electro‐oxidation and reduction, and combinations of electrochemical and other processes (e. g., biological, solar) for lignin depolymerization and upgrading are discussed in detail. In addition to lignin conversion, electrochemical lignin fractionation from biomass and black liquor is also briefly discussed. Finally, the outlook and challenges for electrochemical lignin conversion are presented.

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Section: Lignin Fractionation From Black Liquormentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Lignin Conversion

et al. 2020

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“…These results indicated that up to 85% of the lignin solubilised in softwood black liquor can be recovered in high purity by lowering the pH to 5. Jin et al 9 developed a novel membrane-assisted electrochemical approach for the precipitation of lignin from black liquor. In the process, the pH in the black liquor solution was lowered to 4.7 as a result of water electrolysis, without the addition of acid or CO 2 , leading to pH-dependent lignin precipitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stirred cell ultrafiltration of lignin from black liquor generated from South African kraft mills

Kekana¹,

Sitholé²,

Ramjugernath³

2016

S. Afr. J. Sci.

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Ultrafiltration of lignin from black liquor was carried out in a stirred batch cell using polyethersulfone membranes. Parameters such as operating pressure, feed concentration, stirring rate and membrane cut-off size were varied and their effects on lignin retention and permeate flux were investigated. The operating pressure, feed concentration and stirring rate were varied in the ranges 150–350 kPa, 3–9% and 200–400 rpm, respectively. The membranes used had cut-off sizes of 5 kDa, 10 kDa and 20 kDa. A one-factor-at-a-time experimental design approach was applied in this study. Retention of lignin increased with increases in operating pressure, feed concentration and stirring rate, but decreased with an increase in molecular cut-off size of the membrane. Permeate flux on the other hand increased with increases in pressure, stirring rate and molecular cut-off size of the membrane but decreased with an increase in feed concentration. The extraction of lignin from black liquor was successfully carried out and extraction efficiencies as high as 86% could be achieved depending on the experimental conditions. The study was concluded with the recommendation of conducting additional experiments using a pilot plant in a continuous mode.

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“…It is generally known that black liquor is a kind of toxic and severely colored paper pulping sewage, consisting of inorganic pulping chemicals and organics from extracted biomass constituents. The solid content of black liquor varies between 15% and 40% by weight, whereas lignin accounts for 30–45% of the total solid composition . Paper pulp can be mainly divided into wood pulp and straw pulp due to raw material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The left is burned even poured into the rivers, resulting in resources waste as well as water pollution. The discharge of black liquor to river would significantly increase the biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in aquatic environments, which are responsible for serious damage to the water body and human health . So, if the waste lignin in black liquor is utilized for example as a feedstock for bio‐oil production, a significant opportunity would be generated for enhancing the economic viability, carbon conversion rate, overall operational efficiency, and sustainability of befouls and chemical production, in conformity with the requirements of sustainable development and resource‐conserving economy .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery and characterization of lignin from alkaline straw pulping black liquor: As feedstock for bio‐oil research

Tian

Zong

Niu

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Conversion of lignin derived from lignocellulosic biomass to bio-oil has the promising potential to significantly reduce petroleum dependence. For that purpose, it is necessary to search for a low-cost lignin source. In this study, lignin sample was separated from straw pulping black liquor by HCl-precipitation, followed by extraction with a mixture of dioxane and water. The content of lignin in the total black liquor solid reached up to 34.8%, determined by UV spectroscopy, and the yield could account for 74.4% of the total lignin composition. The structure of lignin was investigated by various spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, 1 H-NMR, XRD, and XPS. The structural analysis revealed that recovered lignin preserved basic lignin structure, but had relatively lower amount of b-O-4 linkages. The molecular weights were studied through THF-eluted GPC showing that separated lignin had the low M n , which was favorable for the full degradation process during conversion of lignin to bio-oil. Therefore, a feasible solution for effective utilization of lignin in straw pulping black liquor as feedstock for bio-oil was proposed in the study. V C 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J.Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42057.

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Efficient extraction of lignin from black liquor via a novel membrane-assisted electrochemical approach

Cited by 55 publications

References 34 publications

Electrochemical Lignin Conversion

Electrochemical Lignin Conversion

Stirred cell ultrafiltration of lignin from black liquor generated from South African kraft mills

Recovery and characterization of lignin from alkaline straw pulping black liquor: As feedstock for bio‐oil research

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