Efficient Immobilization and Patterning of Live Bacterial Cells

Abstract

A monolayer of live bacterial cells has been patterned onto substrates through the interaction between CFA/I fimbriae and the corresponding antibody. Patterns of live bacteria have been prepared with cellular resolution on silicon and gold substrates for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium as a model with high specificity and efficiency. The immobilized cells are capable of dividing in growth medium to form a self-sustaining bacterial monolayer on the patterned areas. Interestingly, the immobilized cells can alter their orientation on the substrate, from lying-down to standing-up, as a response to the cell density increase during incubation. This method was successfully used to sort a targeted bacterial species from a mixed culture within 2 h.

Immunoimmobilization of Living Salmonella for Fundamental Studies and Biosensor Applications

“…Our results, as well as those of previous studies, indicate that immunoimmobilization does not hinder such physiological activities as the cell division (Suo et al 2008), gene expression or bioluminescence of bacteria at the locations of their immobilization (Premkumar et al 2001). …”

“…The immobilized bacteria retained their cellular functions, including division, and continued to divide until a dense monolayer of bacteria filled the patterned area of the surface (Suo et al 2008). We observed that biofilm started to form on the substrate after the initial two weeks.…”

Towards patterned bioelectronics: facilitated immobilization of exoelectrogenic Escherichia coli with heterologous pili

“…The Ag43 adhesin system is, however, considered disadvantageous for the proposed signal multiplexing because it is non‐specific and therefore incompatible with selective binding of different types of cells from a mixture. Other cell adhesion systems with technical relevance include, the cell binding by cell‐surface bound antibody targets (Suo et al ., 2008) and recombination of protein dimer components exposed at the outer cell membrane and the adhesion substrate (Chen and Wegner, 2017). …”

Development of a Novel Electrochemical Inhibition Sensor Array Based on Bacteria Immobilized on Modified Screen-Printed Gold Electrodes for Water Pollution Detection

“…In the second stage, one colony of bacteria was added into a sterile flask containing 50 ml of liquid LB broth or NMS medium for Methylococcus capsulatus, (Bath) strain. Immobilization of the above mentioned bacteria on the surface of screen-printed gold electrodes was carried out via poly L-lysine (PLl) [22]. For this reason, the surface of gold was modified in a 1:1000 mixture of PLl (0.1 mg/ml) and deionised water for 1 h at 37 °C.…”