Efficient modeling of numerous trees by introducing growth volume for real‐time virtual ecosystems

Abstract

This study suggests a growth volume system for the efficient modeling of numerous trees for a real-time virtual ecosystem. To increase the efficiency of the real-time system and to allow natural tree generation, the basic tree modeling system obtains its growth rule by means of botany-based self-organizing under a recursive hierarchy structure. On the basis of this rule, growth volume was introduced and controlled to generate numerous trees in a virtual ecosystem more intuitively, which allows the generation of various trees. The reality of the expression was increased by including the effects of external factors, such as light, physical obstacles, and other trees. Finally, an instancing-based branch control procedure was added to enable an efficient rendering of the real-time ecosystem. Experiments were performed to verify whether various and natural trees could be generated and numerous trees in the virtual ecosystem can be easily modeled on the basis of the suggested growth volume, which shows the efficiency of the real-time ecosystem. Figure 1. A tree modeling result in which trees have been automatically generated through the suggested growth volume, considering the geographic features and surrounding trees.

Procedural modeling of trees based on convolution sums of divisor functions for real‐time virtual ecosystems

“…This study uses a growth‐volume‐based algorithm for effectively managing the growth determination processes such as branch propagation in the tree model with a complex structure . Additionally, using the basic formula in the procedural modeling proposed in this study, the properties of divisor functions and their convolution sums are analyzed.…”

“…Finally, a lateral bud grows with a rotation angle ( θ i , φ i ) from the growth direction of a parent branch () (Figure ). The detailed growth method and surface construction of a branch are designed on the basis of the growth‐volume‐based modeling method .…”

“…These include representative rule‐based modeling methods, such as the L‐system , tree modeling from the recursive and repetitive tree structures defined using the geometrical attributes of a tree, such as the growth angle and the branch length ratio , and modeling through self‐organization based on botanical theory . Other studies have examined diverse, realistic tree‐modeling methods that control parameters defined based on growth rules or environmental elements, such as light and gravitropism .…”

Interactive synthesis of self-organizing tree models on the GPU

“…Recent development in the field of tree modeling is concentrated on interactive tree shaping using novel tree representation techniques like texture lobes [31] and growth volumes [23]. Tree representation with a skeleton and a set of leaf clusters was presented by Pirk et al [44] to allow fast calculation of light exposure and interactive response of the model to changes in the environment.…”

Modeling and Optimization of a Tree Based on Virtual Reality for Immersive Virtual Landscape Generation

“…Generalizing the process of growth from the current branch to the next branch can make the generation of tree models in a complex branch structure effective. This study designs a PBG algorithm that can simultaneously create multiple similar tree models and effectively create diverse tree models based on the tree structure proposed by Kim et al [34].…”