Efficient resin production using stimulant pastes in Pinus elliottii × P. caribaea families

Abstract

To address the increasing labor cost of resin tapping, more efficient methods for resin tapping need to be developed. This study aimed to evaluate the features of resinosis as affected by stimulant pastes in Pinus elliottii × P. caribaea, which is also one of the predominant resin-producing species hybrids in South China. The resin yields and resin compositions were assessed in 33 P. elliottii × P. caribaea F1 families, with the application of four kinds of chemical stimulants, potassium (K2SO4) paste, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) paste, benzoic acid (BA) paste and 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (CEPA) paste. Our results showed that all four pastes significantly increased the resin yield by at least 20% at each tapping, and 3- to fivefold increases were detected at the beginning of each year. The correlations between resin yield and growth at each tapping ranged from uncorrelated to moderately positively correlated, indicating that resin yield was mostly but not always determined by tree size. The concentration of each resin component did not change with the stimulant applications. In P. elliottii × P. caribaea, selecting a larger tree diameter at breast height and employing the chemical stimulants at the first several tapping rounds are efficient tapping procedures. Moreover, the K2SO4-based stimulant can be recommended considering its promoting effects on resin yield and the low cost of the chemicals required to produce it.

Resin tapping of Atlantic pine forests: towards an optimized use of stimulant pastes over the season

“…( 5) In conventional tapping, at least part of the volatile fraction may have evaporated from the open containers while in micro-tapping, both fractions are likely retained (Cabaret et al 2018). Whenever the stimulants differently affect the two fractions (Liu et al 2022), discrepancies in the relative performance of different stimulants can occur between the two assessment techniques.…”

Mechanical-chemical induction of balsam from Liquidambar excelsa trees

“…Conventional stimulants based on strong acids have long been used by Perhutani, a stateowned enterprise and one of the manufacturers of pine resin in Indonesia, to increase pine resin production (Sukadaryati 2014). Moreover, induction using ethylene, salicylic acid, and methyl jasmonate has been previously studied in conifers (Hudgins et al 2004;Liu et al 2022). However, ethylene and methyl jasmonate as plant hormones stimulate physiological activities in trees and promote their own functions, without critical disorder, resulting in more beneficial use than sulfuric acid.…”

Desarrollo de formulaciones de ácido poliláctico (PLA) basadas en la incorporación de derivados de la colofonia

“…The incisions are moistened with 30% sulfuric acid to stimulate the tree in resin exudation and prevent coniferous channels from stopping its flow. In addition, potassium, benzoic acid, and naphthalene acetic acid, are also used to this purpose [118]. The incisions, for resin tapping "pikes", start at the bottom of the trunk and annually extend towards the top for five years (estimated time in which the resin is considered exhausted), then another side of the trunk is chosen until five grooves are made around the trunk.…”

“…However, the composition may vary depending on the extraction or collection method and the kind of the pine trees from which it is exudate. Moreover, the resin yield depends also of factors, such as the climate, season and chemical stimulant [118]. The rosin is composes of a mixture of terpenes, neutral components and resin acids, mainly abietic acid (15-20 %) [121], neoabietic acid (15-20 %), levopimaric acid (30-35 %) and pimaric acid (16% ),…”