Efficient selection of up to three-component ground excitation sets for earthquake engineering applications

Amplitude scaling of ground motions as a potential source of bias: Large‐scale investigations on structural drifts

“…As explained earlier, the selection process is based on multi-objective optimisation, thus leading to multiple optimal solutions. The paper of Tsalouchidis et al [48] demonstrates the advantages of multi-objective optimisation in GM selection in terms of effectively meeting the multiple selection objectives, as well as a discussion and framework for choosing between the multiple solutions. In the present study, several solutions for each GM selection process are investigated, which differ in how they meet the various spectral objectives.…”

“…The utilized GM record selection approach [ 48 ] has been recently developed by the authors and ensures efficient selection of GM sets that achieve spectral compatibility at given spectral targets in first and second order statistics (i.e., mean and standard deviation spectra). Moreover, the scenario parameters of the GM records are controlled while the selection process is based on multi‐objective optimisation and can be used to select up to three‐component ground excitation sets.…”

“…Moreover, the scenario parameters of the GM records are controlled while the selection process is based on multi‐objective optimisation and can be used to select up to three‐component ground excitation sets. As shown in Tsalouchidis et al., [ 48 ] the purpose of obtaining three‐component GM sets is to perform three‐dimensional excitation (i.e., using two horizontal and one vertical components), and the selection procedure can successfully meet spectral targets in all three components. For the present study, however, one‐component excitation is of interest.…”

“…To rank the solutions according to the spectral objectives of this study, the metric $$R_{spectral}$$ of Tsalouchidis et al. [ 48 ] is used, given by equation $$\begin{equation} R_{spectral} = w_{m,100} F_{m,100} + w_{\sigma ,100} F_{\sigma ,100} + w_{m,90} F_{m,90} + w_{m,80} F_{m,80} \end{equation}$$where $$F_{m,100}$$ is the objective function that is minimized when the median spectrum is approaching the corresponding target. $$F_{\sigma ,100}$$ is the objective function that is minimized when the standard deviation spectrum is approaching the corresponding target.…”

“…Moreover, the scenario parameters of the GM records are controlled while the selection process is based on multi-objective optimisation and can be used to select up to three-component ground excitation sets. As shown in Tsalouchidis et al, [48] the purpose of obtaining three-component GM sets is to perform three-dimensional excitation (i.e., using two horizontal and one vertical components), and the selection procedure can successfully meet spectral targets in all three components. For the present study, however, one-component excitation is The advantages of this GM selection procedure are utilized to obtain GM sets with specific median and standard deviation spectra, while it is adjusted for the needs of this study to also provide specific median spectra of the 90th and 80th percentile spectra (as defined in Section 2.2).…”