Efficient simultaneous adsorption-biodegradation of high-concentrated N,N-dimethylformamide from water by Paracoccus denitrificans-graphene oxide microcomposites

Abstract

Water contamination becomes one of the most pervasive environmental issues all over the world in recent years. In this paper, the functionalization of graphene oxide (GO) with copolymers containing methacrylic acid (MAA) and butyl methacrylate (BMA) was investigated to prepare a new microcomposite material (PGO) via free radical solution polymerization. PGO was used for the adsorption of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) from aqueous solution by utilizing the characteristics of ultralarge surface and the Van der Waals force between DMF molecules and polymers on the surface of PGO. Besides, PGO was used not only a high-capable adsorbent but also a carrier for the immobilization of Paracoccus denitrificans cells in the treatment of high-concentrated DMF. Bacterial cells could immobilized on the PGO (PGO@P. denitrificans) stably by covalent coupling process after acclimatization and high-concentrated DMF (2000 mg/L) could be removed completely and relatively rapidly from aqueous solutions by the simultaneous adsorption-biodegradation (SAB) process of PGO@P. denitrificans. Furthermore, the excellent recycle performance of PGO@P. denitrificans made the whole process more economical and practical.

Bioengineered Graphene Oxide Microcomposites Containing Metabolically Versatile Paracoccus sp. MKU1 for Enhanced Catechol Degradation

“…A similar kind of morphological conversion has been previously observed when GO undergoes polymerization with MAA and BMA. 30 …”

“…Similar observations have been already reported in aniline adsorption with GO-mATP 48 and DMF adsorption with GO and PGO. 30 The greater adsorption efficiency of GO and PGO with catechol might be due to the presence of two hydroxyl groups in catechol, which have higher affinity toward carboxyl groups of GO and PGO. It has been already mentioned that the presence of two hydroxyl groups in catechol significantly increases its adsorption on all organic and inorganic compounds.…”

“…PGO was prepared from the polymerization of monomeric units methacrylic acid (MAA) and butyl methacrylate (BMA) with GO using azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator. 30 For this, 100 mg of dried GO and 268 μL of triethylamine (TEA) were dispersed in 40 mL of dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and stirred under constant pressure in a funnel that contained 188 μL of methylacetamide (MAC) and 20 μL of DMAC for neutralizing the HCl produced during the reaction. Then, the mixture was transferred to a conical flask dropwise under a N 2 atmosphere at 0 °C, heated to room temperature, and agitated for 24 h. After centrifugation, the pellet was washed with acetone and then dried in a vacuum oven to get the solid product, which was then dissolved in 20 mL of DMF.…”

“…Further, the bacterial suspension was added to the PGO mixture under sterile conditions and maintained at 37 °C for 24 h at 150 rpm for its immobilization. The bacterial density and the amount of PGO were used as described previously, 30 and the proportion of PGO and bacterial density were 120 mg of PGO and 300 mg of bacterial wet weight contains 173 × 10 8 CFU/mL ( Figure S4 ). The immobilized bacterial blends on the surface of PGO were confirmed by SEM analysis.…”

Synthesis of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Hybrid Materials for Water Purification: A Review

“…Recent studies showed that the biodegradation performance can be significantly improved by introducing GBHMs in biological water treatment process. Zheng et al [134] reported the preparation of a new micro composite material polymer GO (PGO) by functionalizing GO with co-polymers including butyl methacrylate (BMA) and methacrylic acid (MAA) through free radical polymerization (Figure 3). The as-prepared PGO was adopted as a high-efficient adsorbent as well as a superior supporter for the paracoccus denitrificans (PD) cells immobilization in treating N , N -dimethylformamide (DMF) solution at high concentrations.…”