Efficient top illuminated microcavity organic solar cells using air stable composite semitransparent electrodes

Recent Progress on Advanced Optical Structures for Emerging Photovoltaics and Photodetectors

“…[ 28 ] Consequently, various resonance modes can be realized by controlling the thickness, composition, and cross‐section of metal films with MC structures. [ 157–160 ]…”

“…[ 123 ] The use of a TeO 2 /MoO 3 composite layer that induced an MC effect within the active layer increased the performance of opaque PV devices. [ 159 ] In these cases, incident light was reflected and efficiently captured within the MC structure, thereby amplifying the electric field and improving the PCE. In this Review, we focus on such device technologies that provide applications with semitransparency or vivid colors, according to the penetration or reflection of light.…”

Characterization of optical manipulation using microlens arrays depending on the materials and sizes in organic photovoltaics

“…Another strategy to enhance light absorption without synthesizing new photoactive materials or modifying photoactive layer architecture is to induce the microcavity effect in OPVs. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Light can be trapped between two reecting mirrors through the cavity effect. [23][24][25] Similarly, two electrodes, a transparent electrode and a reective metal electrode in OPVs, can trap incident light, which is called the microcavity effect.…”

“…15,17,18,20 In a pair of materials systems, ultrathin metals such as silver or gold rst provide electrical paths for conduction and optical transparency because they have low resistance as well as high transmittance. 19,20,22 In addition, their high refractive indices increase the probability of total reection, allowing them to be reective and inducing a microcavity effect between two electrodes. [15][16][17][18] Second, dielectric materials prevent oxidation of the metal, allowing the bottom electrodes to remain robust for the microcavity effect.…”

“…[15][16][17][18] Second, dielectric materials prevent oxidation of the metal, allowing the bottom electrodes to remain robust for the microcavity effect. [19][20][21][22] In addition, they have a large difference in refractive indices compared to metallic materials, inducing constructive interference and enhancing light harvesting in the photoactive layer. 24 However, while the specic wavelength of light that satises the constructive resonant condition can be trapped in the material stack and well absorbed in the photoactive layer through the microcavity effect, other wavelengths can lose energy via destructive interference.…”