Efficient use of a conventional pneumatic concentric nebulizer in ICP-AES at low liquid uptake rates by applying a desolvation system: determination of detection limits and degrees of acid interferences

Efficient use of the NAR-1 pneumatic nebulizer in plasma spectrometry at sub-milliliter liquid consumption rates

“…These results are similar or even better than those obtained by others when operating with different nebulizers at low liquid flow rates. 11,12 This confirms the advantage of the NAR-1 coupled with the cyclonic spray chamber as a means of minimizing the acid interference at low sample consumption rates.…”

Elimination of nitric acid interference in ICP-AES by using a cyclonic spray chamber/Nafion membrane-based desolvation system

“…This means that the plasma is less energetic and this could be due to the higher capability of the membrane alone to remove the solvent vapor that exits from the heated spray chamber. As a minimum amount of solvent is needed in order to obtain a good thermal and electrical plasma conductivity, 32 a significant reduction in the total solvent transport rate produces an important diminution of chromium line ratio values.…”

“…In order to heat efficiently the aerosol entering the spray chamber, different options have been suggested: (i) to increase the spray chamber temperature; (ii) to decrease the sample uptake rate; and (iii) to use a more efficient design of spray chamber (e.g., cyclonic type). 9,32 The main goal using the three points indicated above is to obtain a more efficient solvent evaporation from the droplets. Hence, the same amount of solution (i.e., analyte) will be transported out of the spray chamber with the three matrices studied.…”

Atomic Spectrometry Update. Advances in atomic emission, absorption, and fluorescence spectrometry, and related techniques

“…Effects were studied at low uptake rates (10 ml min 21 ) as well as at normal flow rates (1 ml min 21 ). The acid effect has also been studied for a pneumatic nebulizer at low uptake rates (50-200 ml min 21 ) for apparatus with a desolvation system 167 consisting of a heated spray chamber and a condenser. The best S/B for low energy lines was achieved at a spray chamber temperature of 80 ‡C, while for the high energy atomic lines and ionic lines the best temperature was 120 ‡C.…”