Efficient valorization of biomass-derived furfural to fuel bio-additive over aluminum phosphate

Reductive etherification of furfural via hydrogenolysis with Pd-modified aluminum phosphate and formic acid

“…Based on the investigations a reaction sequence can be proposed (Scheme 2), where FF and ethanol initially formed the EFM 9,37 which esterified with FA to generate ethoxy(furan-2-yl) methyl formate (EFF) followed by subsequent decarboxylation leading to the release of CO 2 and formation of EFE. 18,38 The acetalization was likely catalysed by APO-5 as also reported in our previous work 19,20 and when reaction was done without Pd (Table S4 †). In line with this, a red shift of the CvO stretching band of FF (1668 to 1662 cm −1 ) was found after adsorption of FF on Pd-2 (Fig.…”

“…[16][17][18] According to our previous work, aluminum phosphate (APO-5) has specific adsorption of aldehydes which may promote reductive etherification. 19,20 Thus in this work are bifunctional Pd-loaded APO-5 catalysts introduced as highly efficient and selective heterogeneous catalysts for the reductive etherification of FF to form alkyl furfuryl ethers with FA in primary alcohols, including ethanol and 1-propanol.…”

“…With APO-5 formed 2-(diethoxymethyl)furan (DEF) exclusively (19% conversion, >99% DEF selectivity) indication that APO-5 had a preferred acidity for the acetalization of FF. 19 In contrast, Pd-loaded APO-5 catalysts formed almost exclusively EFE via the reductive etherification of FF, thus implying the importance of the Pd NPs for the reactivity. The most active catalyst was Pd-2 (60% conversion, 99% EFE selectivity) with the highest metal content.…”

A bifunctional small molecular photocatalyst with a redox center and a Lewis acid site for one-pot tandem oxidation–acetalization

“…7,8 Acetals are not only excellent protective groups for carbonyl compounds, but they can also serve as starting materials for new synthetic applications or employed as flavouring additives and aroma enhancers in cosmetic and food products. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Due to their versatility, a variety of methodologies have been developed for the synthesis of acetals, and most of them are based on acid-catalyzed systems including the use of strong mineral acids, transition-metal Lewis acids, organic acids and so on. [16][17][18] Prevalent substrates used for the synthesis of acetals are mainly focused on carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes and ketones.…”

Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation and Acid Reactions of Furfural and 5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural over Hf-TUD-1 Type Catalysts

“…Hf-TUD-1(x) catalysts are the first Hf-mesoporous silicates reported for Fur conversion using secROH. The catalytic results for Hf-TUD-1(x) were compared with literature data for fully inorganic heterogeneous non-noble metal catalysts tested for Fur conversion to AMFs in alcohol medium ( Table 2 ) [ 34 , 36 , 37 , 39 , 42 , 43 , 61 , 62 , 65 , 67 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 ]. The present work does not concern noble metal catalysts for Fur conversion, which may be found in a vast literature such as the following references, just to cite a few [ 86 , 87 , 88 ].…”