Egocentric reference in bidirectional readers as measured by the straight-ahead pointing task

Kazandjian, Seta; Dupierrix, Eve; Gaash, Esther; Love, Itamar Y.; Zivotofsky, Ari Z.; Agostini, Maria De; Chokron, Sylvie

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2008.09.098

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Malnutrition and diarrhoeal mortality have a bidirectional association [ 6 , 7 ]. Malnutrition causes immune-deficiency and increased susceptibility to infections such as diarrhoea [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for diarrhoea and malnutrition among children under the age of 5 years in the Tigray Region of Northern Ethiopia

et al. 2018

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BackgroundDiarrhoea and malnutrition are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children in areas with poor access to clean water, improved sanitation, and with low socioeconomic status. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of diarrhoea, malnutrition and risk factors among children aged 6–59 months in the Tigray Region of Northern Ethiopia.MethodsA community based cross-sectional study design was conducted from June to August 2017 to assess the magnitude and factors associated with diarrhoea and malnutrition among children. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect data on diarrhoea, environmental, demographic and behavioural factors from 610 mother-child pairs. Anthropometric measurements were collected from the children. SPSS ver.21 statistical software was used for analysis. Factors associated with diarrhoea and nutritional status were identified using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsOf the 610 children monitored in this study, the incidence of diarrhoea among 6–59 month-old children in the two weeks preceding the day of the interview day was 27.2% (95% CI: 23.6–31%). Specifically, 35.9%, 9.7%, and 1.8% had 1–2, 3–4 and 5–6 times of diarrhoea episodes in a one year of time, respectively. The prevalence of stunting, underweight, wasting, and acute under-nutrition were 36.1% (95% CI: 31–38.6%), 37% (95% CI: 32–39.6%), 7.9% (95% CI: 5.5–9.7%), and 5.4% (95% CI: 3.8–7.4%), respectively. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, type of drinking water source [AOR = 3.69; 95% CI: 2.03–6.71], mothers not hand washing at critical times [AOR = 15.42; 95% CI: 2.02–117.78], improper solid waste disposal [AOR = 12.81; 95% CI: 2.50–65.62], and child age (36–47 months) [AOR = 2.57; 95% CI: 1.45–4.55] were found to be predictors of diarrhoea. Being within the age range of 12–23 months was a predictor for wasting [AOR = 4.38; 95% CI: 1.61–11.90] and being underweight [AOR = 4.4; 95% CI: 1.7–11.2]. Similarly, the age range of 36–47 months was associated with wasting [AOR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.45–3.85] and stunting [AOR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.03–2.67]. Family size (less than 4) [AOR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.368–0.959] was inversely associated for wasting.ConclusionsOur study revealed that the problem of diarrhoea and malnutrition amongst 6–59 months children in the study area was significant. Access to clean water was the main problem in the study area. Hence, improving access to clean water and providing health education to mothers on personal and environmental hygiene, and proper waste disposal could improve diarrhoea in the study area. Intervention on children’s nutrition should also be implemented to minimize the problem of malnutrition.

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“…Malnutrition and diarrhoeal mortality have a bidirectional association [ 6 , 7 ]. Malnutrition causes immune-deficiency and increased susceptibility to infections such as diarrhoea [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for diarrhoea and malnutrition among children under the age of 5 years in the Tigray Region of Northern Ethiopia

et al. 2018

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“…4 Although mortality caused by diarrheal illnesses has been reduced globally, diarrhea-associated morbidity has changed very little. 3 The association between malnutrition and diarrheal mortality is bidirectional and has been reported for decades [4][5][6] as an association between diarrhea and poor growth and development of young children. 1,7 Malnutrition after diarrheal illness stems from anorexia, reduced absorptive function, and mucosal damage as well as nutrient exhaustion associated with each episode of diarrhea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severity of Diarrhea and Malnutrition among Under Five-Year-Old Children in Rural Bangladesh

Ferdous¹,

Das²,

Ahmed³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Enteric pathogens are commonly associated with diarrhea among malnourished children. This study aimed to determine the association between the severity of diarrheal illnesses and malnutrition among under 5-year-old children. During 2010 and 2011, we studied 2,324 under 5-year-old diarrheal children with mild disease (MD) and moderateto-severe disease (MSD) attending a hospital in Bangladesh. Children with MSD were more likely to be malnourished compared with children with MD (35% versus 24%, P 0.001). In multivariate analysis, malnutrition (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1

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“…The written-script and thus the reading direction of a language have been found to influence several visuospatial tasks, such as the line bisection task 2-5 , straight-ahead pointing 6 and apparent-movement perception 7,8 , as well as aesthetic-preference judgements 9 and the perception of facial affect 10 . Furthermore, reading-direction habits were found to bias the spatial-representation direction of verbal action phrases 11,12 , such that sentence subject and object spatial representations were consistent with the reading direction of the participant's language.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Paying attention to reading direction

Kazandjian¹,

Chokron²

2008

Nat Rev Neurosci

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Egocentric reference in bidirectional readers as measured by the straight-ahead pointing task

Cited by 14 publications

References 58 publications

Risk factors for diarrhoea and malnutrition among children under the age of 5 years in the Tigray Region of Northern Ethiopia

Risk factors for diarrhoea and malnutrition among children under the age of 5 years in the Tigray Region of Northern Ethiopia

Severity of Diarrhea and Malnutrition among Under Five-Year-Old Children in Rural Bangladesh

Paying attention to reading direction

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