Ehrlichia ruminantium: The Causal Agent of Heartwater

Marcelino, Isabel; Holzmüller, Philippe; Stachurski, Frédéric; Rodrigues, Valérie; Vachiéry, Nathalie

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46859-4_13

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In recent decades, a westward (towards Kordofan and Darfur regions) spread of A. lepidum has been observed [ 17 ]. Indeed, the importance of A. lepidum lies in the fact that it is the main vector of Ehrlichia ruminantium , the causative agent of heartwater, which results in significant morbidities and mortalities in domestic ruminants [ 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick Fauna and Associated Rickettsia, Theileria, and Babesia spp. in Domestic Animals in Sudan (North Kordofan and Kassala States)

et al. 2020

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Ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBDs) have a major economic impact on animal production worldwide. In the present study, 2410 ticks were collected from January to August 2017 from livestock and other domestic animals in North Kordofan and Kassala, Sudan, for species identification and investigation of Rickettsia spp. and piroplasms, either individually or as pools containing up to 10 ticks by molecular methods. In total, 13 tick species were identified by morphology and 16S rDNA sequencing. The most frequent tick species were Hyalomma impeltatum (24.90%), Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (18.84%), Amblyomma lepidum (16.06%), and Rhipicephalus camicasi (12.49%). A pan-Rickettsia real-time PCR revealed an overall minimum infection rate (MIR) with Rickettsia spp. of 5.64% (136 positive tick pools/2410 total ticks). Rickettsia africae and Rickettsia aeschlimannii were the most frequently identified species by sequencing. Furthermore, the following highly pathogenic livestock parasites were detected: Theileria annulata, Theileria lestoquardi, Theileria equi, and Babesia caballi. The present study documented Rhipicephalus afranicus as well as Rickettsia conorii israelensis, Rickettsia massiliae, and Babesia pecorum for the first time in Sudan. These findings are significant for the animal production sector as well as in terms of One Health, as the detected Rickettsia spp. can cause serious illness in humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick Fauna and Associated Rickettsia, Theileria, and Babesia spp. in Domestic Animals in Sudan (North Kordofan and Kassala States)

et al. 2020

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“…Protein identification was performed on a 4800 MALDI-TOF/TOF instrument (Applied Biosystems, Framingham, MA, USA) with 4000 series explorer v3.5 software in both MS and MS/MS mode. Each MS spectrum was obtained in a result-independent acquisition mode with a total of 800 laser shots per spectrum, with internal calibration using Angiotensin II (1046.2 Da), Angiotensin I (1296.5 Da), Neurotensin (1672.9 Da), ACTH [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] (2093.5 Da) and ACTH (2465.7 Da; PepMix1, Laserbio labs, France). Fifteen signal-to-noise (s/n) best precursors from each MS spectrum were selected for MS/MS analysis, starting with the most intense peak and ending with the least intense peak.…”

Section: In-gel Digestion For 2de-spots and Protein Identification By Maldi-tof/tofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ehrlichia ruminantium is a Gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacterium that belongs to the Rickettsiales order. It is transmitted by Amblyomma ticks and causes Heartwater, an acute and fatal disease of ruminants, present throughout sub-Saharan Africa and some islands in the Indian Ocean and the Caribbean (from where it threatens to invade the Americas) [1]. Clinical signs and lesions are associated with functional injury to the vascular endothelium, causing increased vascular permeability and leading to hydropericardium, hydrothorax, oedema and congestion of the brain and lungs in ruminants [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…that mainly infects vascular endothelial cells, covering small-and medium-sized blood vessels in infected animals. In vitro, E. ruminantium can be propagated experimentally by serial passages in culture in different cell types, but most reliably in finite culture of endothelial cells (as reviewed in [1]). In endothelial cells, E. ruminantium has a developmental cycle characterized by two distinct forms, the elementary body (EB) and the reticulate body (RB) [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Revisiting Ehrlichia ruminantium Replication Cycle Using Proteomics: The Host and the Bacterium Perspectives

et al. 2021

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The Rickettsiales Ehrlichia ruminantium, the causal agent of the fatal tick-borne disease Heartwater, induces severe damage to the vascular endothelium in ruminants. Nevertheless, E. ruminantium-induced pathobiology remains largely unknown. Our work paves the way for understanding this phenomenon by using quantitative proteomic analyses (2D-DIGE-MS/MS, 1DE-nanoLC-MS/MS and biotin-nanoUPLC-MS/MS) of host bovine aorta endothelial cells (BAE) during the in vitro bacterium intracellular replication cycle. We detect 265 bacterial proteins (including virulence factors), at all time-points of the E. ruminantium replication cycle, highlighting a dynamic bacterium–host interaction. We show that E. ruminantium infection modulates the expression of 433 host proteins: 98 being over-expressed, 161 under-expressed, 140 detected only in infected BAE cells and 34 exclusively detected in non-infected cells. Cystoscape integrated data analysis shows that these proteins lead to major changes in host cell immune responses, host cell metabolism and vesicle trafficking, with a clear involvement of inflammation-related proteins in this process. Our findings led to the first model of E. ruminantium infection in host cells in vitro, and we highlight potential biomarkers of E. ruminantium infection in endothelial cells (such as ROCK1, TMEM16K, Albumin and PTPN1), which may be important to further combat Heartwater, namely by developing non-antibiotic-based strategies.

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