Eight new microsatellite markers in Atlantic cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i> L.) derived from an enriched genomic library

Wesmajervi, Mette Serine; Tafese, Tekle; Stenvik, Jørgen; Fjalestad, Kjersti Turid; Damsgård, Børge; Delghandi, Madjid

doi:10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01555.x

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…To this end, some of the recently identified geneassociated loci (e.g. Stenvik et al 2006b, Wesmajervi et al 2007, Moen et al 2008) may prove useful. …”

Section: Conclusion and Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine-scale spatial and temporal genetic structure of Atlantic cod off the Atlantic coast of the USA

Kovach¹,

Breton²,

Berlinsky³

et al. 2010

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Atlantic cod Gadus morhua in US waters are currently managed as 2 stocks: (1) a Gulf of Maine stock and (2) a Georges Bank and south stock. This designation is decades old and warrants re-evaluation in light of concerns that fisheries management units may not reflect biologically meaningful population units. In this study, we used 10 microsatellite loci, the PanI locus, and 5 single nucleotide polymorphism markers to characterize the population genetic structure of cod in US waters. We found significant differentiation among temporally and spatially divergent populations of cod (global F ST = 0.0044), primarily stemming from 2 potentially non-neutral loci, and evidence for a population structure that strongly contradicts the current 2-stock management model. This genetic structure was stable over a 5 yr period. Our results indicate that cod in US waters are broadly structured into 3 groups: (1) a northern spring-spawning coastal complex in the Gulf of Maine (GOM), (2) a southern complex consisting of winter-spawning inshore GOM, offshore GOM and sites south of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and (3) a Georges Bank population. The strongest differentiation occurs between populations in the northern and southern complex (mean F ST = 0.0085), some of which spawn in the same bays in different seasons. By means of mixture analysis, young-of-the-year fish sampled on juvenile nurseries were assigned to the spawning complex of their origin. Our findings contribute to a growing body of knowledge that Atlantic cod and other marine fish populations are structured on a finer scale than previously thought and that this structure supports biocomplexity and locally adapted populations. As such, it may be warranted to re-evaluate current management units and tailor management plans toward this finer scale.KEY WORDS: Atlantic cod · Microsatellite DNA · Single nucleotide polymorphism · Population genetic structure · Stock identification · Gadus morhua Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 410: [177][178][179][180][181][182][183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194][195] 2010 the importance of processes that limit dispersal and promote self-replenishment of local populations, such as sedentary adult life history strategies (Robichaud & Rose 2004, Howell et al. 2008, spawning site fidelity (Taggart 1997), natal homing (Thorrold et al. 2001, Svedäng et al. 2007), egg and larval retention (Jones et al. 1999, 2005, Bradbury et al. 2008) and local adaptation (McIntyre & Hutchings 2003, Conover et al. 2006, Hutchings et al. 2007). The implications of such fine-scale population structure are important for effective management (Palumbi 2003, Bradbury et al. 2008, Reiss et al. 2009).One marine fish species known to exhibit fine-scale population structure in parts of its distribution is Atlantic cod Gadus morhua L. (see reviews in Waldman 2005 andCarvalho 2008). Atlantic cod is one of the most commercially important marine fishes in the world and comprises a p...

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“…To this end, some of the recently identified geneassociated loci (e.g. Stenvik et al 2006b, Wesmajervi et al 2007, Moen et al 2008) may prove useful. …”

Section: Conclusion and Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine-scale spatial and temporal genetic structure of Atlantic cod off the Atlantic coast of the USA

Kovach¹,

Breton²,

Berlinsky³

et al. 2010

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…In contrast to genomic microsatellites, EST-derived microsatellite markers have the potential to be functional markers (Varshney et al 2005). Here we report the isolation and characterisation of 20 novel microsatellite loci containing di-and tri-nucleotide repeats, which add to those previously reported (Brooker et al 1994;Miller et al 2000; O'Reilly et al Jakobsdottir et al 2006;Wesmajervi et al 2007;Westgaard et al 2007a, b;Stenvik et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…There is a need for additional genetic markers for refining the stock structure and assigning fish to populations as well as for improvements in aquaculture production both for pedigree tracing and quantitative trait loci (QTL) identification (Nielsen et al 2006;Westgaard and Fevolden 2007). Recently, we have published a number of microsatellite markers derived from both genomic library enriched for repetitive sequences (Wesmajervi et al 2007;Westgaard et al 2007b) and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) (Stenvik et al 2006;Westgaard et al 2007a). In contrast to genomic microsatellites, EST-derived microsatellite markers have the potential to be functional markers (Varshney et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of twenty sequence-tagged microsatellites for the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)

et al. 2008

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Fifty-four primer pairs were designed for expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences containing perfect di-and tri-nucleotide motifs and characterised in 96 unrelated fish. Twenty markers were successfully amplified with number of alleles from 2 to 10 per locus and observed and expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.01 to 0.56 and 0.03 to 0.70, respectively. Loci Gmo-C213, Gmo-C246 and Gmo-C247 deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Genetic linkage disequilibrium analysis between all pairs of the loci showed significant departure from the null hypothesis between loci Gmo-C213 and Gmo-C222, Gmo-C233 and Gmo-C229, C223 and Gmo-C236 and C229 and Gmo-C236. The gene identity was determined at 10 of the loci, confirming the associated microsatellites as Type I markers. These microsatellite markers provide useful tools for studies of population genetics, reproductive ecology and constructing linkage maps of Atlantic cod.

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“…In Tank 2, larvae were analysed with 8 microsatellites: Gmo2, Gmo3, Gmo8, Gmo19, Gmo35, Gmo37, Gmo132 and Tch11 (Brooker et al 1994, Miller et al 2000, O'Reilly et al 2000. Two additional microsatellites (Gmo16 and Gmo18; Wesmajervi et al 2007) were used in Tank 1 because of the larger number of possible parental combinations (380) compared to Tank 2 (144). All loci were amplified in 3 (Tank 2) or 4 (Tank 1) multiplexes, run on an ABI3730 sequencer, and alleles were determined with the Genemapper program (Applied Biosystems).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mating competition between farmed and wild cod Gadus morhua

Skjæraasen

Meager²,

Karlsen³

et al. 2010

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Increasing numbers of hatchery-produced fish entering marine environments has caused concern over potential fitness depressions in wild populations, yet no study has addressed the likelihood of hybridisation between farmed and wild marine fish. Escape rates of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua L. from commercial net pens have been substantial and there is a risk of interbreeding between depleted local coastal populations and escapees. We studied mating competition between farmed and wild cod in 2 mixed spawning groups. In addition to detailed behavioural analysis, we examined a suite of individual male characteristics thought to be associated with male reproductive success, including, for the first time in any 'naturally' spawning teleost, sperm motility traits. We found that the expression of reproductive behaviours was similar for both male types (farmed and wild). Males 'courted' both sexes, but courtships lasted longer with a female recipient. Both farmed and wild males also directed most female courtships towards farmed females. The frequency of male displays was linked to their steroid levels. Wild males sired 75% of eggs spawned by wild females, but only 48 to 67% of eggs spawned by farmed females. It is likely that wild females rejected farmed males and chose among the wild males based primarily on behavioural cues. Female choice thus appears to be an integral part of the cod mating system. Sperm traits were not associated with overall reproductive success. Our results suggest that hybridisation between farmed escapees and wild cod is likely and that farmed cod may interfere with the natural spawning behaviour of cod.

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Eight new microsatellite markers in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) derived from an enriched genomic library

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

Fine-scale spatial and temporal genetic structure of Atlantic cod off the Atlantic coast of the USA

Fine-scale spatial and temporal genetic structure of Atlantic cod off the Atlantic coast of the USA

Development of twenty sequence-tagged microsatellites for the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)

Mating competition between farmed and wild cod Gadus morhua

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