Ejaculatory Abstinence Affects the Sperm Quality in Normozoospermic Men—How Does the Seminal Bacteriome Respond?

Tvrdá, Eva; Ďuračka, Michal; Benko, Filip; Kováčik, Anton; Lovíšek, Daniel; Gálová, Eliška; Žiarovská, Jana; Schwarzová, Marianna; Kačániová, Miroslava

doi:10.3390/ijms24043503

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Second, longer abstinence period affects secretions of epididymis, prostate, and seminal vesicle, which are related to the pH and biochemical of final semen and affect sperm motility ( 24 , 66 , 67 ). Moreover, longer abstinence time is related to a higher bacterial load and diversity in semen, more pro-inflammatory cytokines ( 68 ), as well as decreased rate of morphologically normal sperm ( 46 , 69 ). Therefore, a shorter abstinence time is suggested for patients with oligo-atheno-zoospermia as it increases the probability of obtaining higher-quality sperm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in sperm quality by computer-assisted sperm analysis of 49,189 men during 2015–2021 in a fertility center from China

et al. 2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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BackgroundSperm quality, including semen volume, sperm count, concentration, and total and progressive motility (collectively, “semen parameters”), has declined in the recent decades. Computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) provides sperm kinematic parameters, and the temporal trends of which remain unclear. Our objective is to examine the temporal trend of both semen parameters and kinematic parameters in Shanghai, China, in the recent years.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed semen parameters and kinematic parameters of 49,819 men attending our reproductive center by using CASA during 2015–2021. The total sample was divided into two groups: samples that surpassed the WHO guideline (2010) low reference limits (“above reference limit” group, ARL; n = 24,575) and samples that did not (“below reference limit” group, BRL; n = 24,614). One-way analysis of variance, Kruskal–Wallis test, independent samples t-test, and covariance analysis were used to assess the differences among groups. Year, age, and abstinence time were included in the multiple linear regression model of the ARL group to adjust the confounders and depict the trends in sperm quality.ResultsAmong all the total sample and the ARL and BRL groups, the age of subjects increased in recent years. Semen volume and sperm count showed declined tendency with years in the total sample, the ARL and BRL groups, and the subgroup of age or abstinence time, whereas sperm velocities showed increased tendency with years on the contrary. The multiple linear regression model of the ARL group, adjusting for age and abstinence time, confirmed these trends. Semen volume (β1= −0.162; CI: −0.172, −0.152), sperm count (β1= −9.97; CI: −10.813, −9.128), sperm concentration (β1 = −0.535; CI: −0.772, −0.299), motility (β1 = −1.751; CI: −1.830, −1.672), and progressive motility (β1 = −1.12; CI: −0.201, −0.145) decreased with year, whereas curvilinear line velocity (VCL) (β1 = 3.058; CI: 2.912, 3.203), straight line velocity (VSL) (β1 = 2.075; CI: 1.990, 2.161), and average path velocity (VAP) (β1 = 2.305; CI: 2.224, 2.386) increased over time (all p < 0.001). In addition, VCL, VSL, and VAP significantly declined with age and abstinence time.ConclusionThe semen parameters declined, whereas the kinematic parameters increased over the recent years. We propose that, although sperm count and motility declined over time, sperm motion velocity increased, suggesting a possible compensatory mechanism of male fertility.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in sperm quality by computer-assisted sperm analysis of 49,189 men during 2015–2021 in a fertility center from China

et al. 2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…Studies have shown that excessive ROS and/or impaired antioxidant defense of the reproductive system production can induce DNA damage, impair genome stability during sperm transport throughout the male genital tract, and potentially impact pregnancy outcomes. Although many therapeutic approaches ( 32 - 35 ) and some advanced sperm selection techniques ( 36 - 38 ) exist to help men with elevated SDF improve their reproductive outcomes. It is worth mentioning that little available evidence, or conflicting evidence, exists to make strong recommendations about the effects of these therapeutic approaches or various sperm selection methods for improving SDF and reproductive outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcomes comparison of testicular versus ejaculated sperm for intracytoplasmic sperm injection in infertile men with high DNA fragmentation: updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Zhao,

Jiang,

Zheng

et al. 2023

Transl Androl Urol

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Background The testicular sperm instead of ejaculated sperm for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in infertile men with high sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) is a controversial topic. This updated systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate whether couples with high level of SDF will benefit more from intracytoplasmic sperm injection with testicular sperm (Testi-ICSI) as compared to intracytoplasmic sperm injection with ejaculated sperm (Ejac-ICSI). Methods A systematic search was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), encompassing studies from the earliest record until May 2022. We included studies analyzing comparative pregnancy outcomes of testicular versus ejaculated sperm for ICSI in infertile men with high DNA fragmentation. The risks of bias and certainty of evidence were assessed using the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework, respectively. Results Eleven studies were included. Meta-analysis showed that SDF levels revealed a significant difference association [odds ratio (OR) =−25.81; 95% confidence interval (CI): −34.82, −16.81; I 2 =94%; P<0.00001] between testicular and ejaculated sperm. Compared with Ejac-ICSI, a non-significant tendency was observed for fertilization rates (FRs) in the Testi-ICSI group (OR =0.87; 95% CI: 0.67, 1.12; I 2 =81%; P=0.28). However, there was significant difference pointing to better outcomes for Testi-ICSI in clinical pregnancy rates (CPRs) (OR =2.36; 95% CI: 1.71, 3.24; I 2 =0%; P<0.00001), live birth rates (LBRs) (OR =3.10; 95% CI: 2.13, 4.51; I 2 =4%; P<0.00001) and miscarriage rates (MRs) (OR =0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.60; I 2 =0%; P=0.001). Conclusions Results of this updated meta-analysis reveal that SDF rates are lower in testicular sperm than in ejaculated sperm and that Testi-ICSI is correlated with better clinical outcomes, including higher CPRs, higher LBRs, and lower MRs in infertile males with high SDF levels. Nevertheless, with the overall low to moderate quality of the studies, further well-designed controlled studies are required.

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“…In the study by Kulkarni et al ( 36 ), 17 men undergoing primary infertility treatment were evaluated for DFI change after short abstinence, with similar, though smaller, 3% improvement. A recent study by Tvrdá et al ( 37 ) compared bacterial profile, as well as sperm parameters, membrane integrity, and DNA integrity of 51 men after 2 days and 2 hours abstinence periods and showed improved DNA integrity, among other parameters, after short abstinence. A meta-analysis by Barbagallo et al ( 38 ) similarly showed that very short abstinence improves SDF in patients with abnormal sperm parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved sperm DNA fragmentation levels in infertile men following very short abstinence of 3–4 hours

Karavani,

Juvet,

Lau

et al. 2023

Transl Androl Urol

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Background Limited data exists on possible approaches to improve sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) when no identifiable cause is found. The effect of short abstinence on sperm parameters has been extensively studied, but rarely reported on the effect on DFI in infertile men. In this study, we aimed to determine whether a second ejaculate provided after very short abstinence demonstrates lower DFI rates in infertile men. Methods This prospective cohort study was conducted at Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada, a tertiary university affiliated hospital. All men having DFI testing in addition to the standard semen analysis were identified via a prospectively collected database. Infertile men were instructed to provide two semen samples 3–4 hours apart (the first sample was given after 2–5 days of abstinence) to test the effect on DFI levels. Data analysis was performed for the comparison of the change in sperm parameters and DFI between samples and between men with DFI above and under 30%. Results A total of 52 men provided double ejaculates 3–4 hours apart. In the entire group, DFI decreased from 38.9%±21.4% to 35.1%±21.6% in the second sample (P<0.001). Semen volume was lower on the second sample (2.3±1.4 vs . 1.5±0.9 mL, P<0.001), while the remaining parameters did not change. Forty out of 52 patients (76.9%) had improved DFI (average of 6.0±4.0 percentage points). Change in DFI varied with 22/52 (42.3%) and 7/52 (13.5%) of patients found to have decreases in DFI >5% and >10% in the second ejaculate, respectively. For men with DFI of 30–40%, 64% (7/11) of DFIs reduced to the under 30% range. First DFI value was the only parameter associated with DFI decrease to under 30% in multivariate models [odds ratio (OR), 0.62; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.39–0.98; P=0.04]. Conclusions This study identified significant improvements in DFI in infertile men providing a second sample after 3–4 hours. Controlled trials are needed to determine if reproductive outcomes are improved using a second ejaculate for infertile men with high initial sperm DFI values.

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Ejaculatory Abstinence Affects the Sperm Quality in Normozoospermic Men—How Does the Seminal Bacteriome Respond?

Cited by 5 publications

References 92 publications

Trends in sperm quality by computer-assisted sperm analysis of 49,189 men during 2015–2021 in a fertility center from China

Trends in sperm quality by computer-assisted sperm analysis of 49,189 men during 2015–2021 in a fertility center from China

Outcomes comparison of testicular versus ejaculated sperm for intracytoplasmic sperm injection in infertile men with high DNA fragmentation: updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Improved sperm DNA fragmentation levels in infertile men following very short abstinence of 3–4 hours

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