Ejaculatory Function Following Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer

Abstract

Background Ejaculatory dysfunction is an important male quality of life issue which has not yet been studied in the setting of prostate stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Aim The purpose of this study is to evaluate ejaculatory function following SBRT for prostate cancer. Methods Two hundred and thirty-one patients on a prospective quality of life study with baseline ejaculatory capacity treated with prostate SBRT from 2013 to 2019 were included in this analysis. Ejaculation was assessed via the Ejaculation Scale (ES-8) from the Male Sexual Health Questionnaire. Patients completed the questionnaire at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months post-SBRT. Elderly patients (Age > 70) and those who received hormonal therapy were excluded from analysis. Patients were treated to 35–36.25 Gy in 5 fractions delivered with the CyberKnife Radiosurgical System (Accuray). Outcomes Ejaculatory function was assessed by ES-8 scores (range 4–40) with lower values representing increased interference or annoyance. Results Median age at the time of treatment was 65 years. Median follow up was 24 months (IQR 19–24.5 months). 64.5% of patients had ED at baseline (SHIM < 22). The 2-year anejaculation rate was 15%. Mean composite ES-8 scores showed a decline in the first month following treatment then stabilized: 30.4 (start of treatment); 26.5 (1 month); 27.6 (3 month); 27.0 (6 month); 26.2 (9 month); 25.4 (12 month); 25.0 (18 month) and 25.4 (24 month). White race, higher pre-treatment SHIM (≥22), and higher ES-8 (≥31) at treatment start were significantly associated with a decreased probability of a clinically significant decline. Patient-reported ejaculate volume was significantly reduced at all time points post-SBRT. Ejaculatory discomfort peaked at 1 month and 9 months post-SBRT. Prior to treatment, 8.0% of men reported that they were very to extremely bothered by their ejaculatory dysfunction. The number of patients reporting this concern increased to 14.4% at one year and dropped to 11% at 24-months post-SBRT. Clinical Translation Patients undergoing prostate SBRT may experience meaningful changes in ejaculatory function and should be counseled on the trajectory of these side effects. Strengths & Limitations This was a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database. Subjective questionnaire responses captured limited aspects of ejaculatory function in this cohort. Conclusion The high incidence of moderate to extreme bother in ejaculatory function before and after SBRT suggests a need for novel approaches to improving ejaculation.

Ejaculatory function after radiotherapy for prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Radiation therapy is a guideline supported treatment for localized prostate cancer, and has been widely employed in contemporary practice (2). Yet, numerous studies have observed harmful side effects, including sexual dysfunction (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Sexual dysfunction involves various domains including both ejaculatory (EjD) and erectile dysfunction (EF) (9).…”

“…Five studies examined impact of radiation on ejaculatory function using patient report outcome measures. The assessment methods included the Brief Sexual Function Inventory (BSFI) in two studies, the Ejaculatory Di culty Score (EJS) in one, the Orgasm Domain Score of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) in another, and the Ejaculation Scale (ES-8) from the Male Sexual Health Questionnaire (MSHQ) in the nal study(4,20,21). Studies revealed a common pattern of initial decline in function scores followed by varying degrees of recovery or further deterioration over time.…”