El impacto a largo plazo de la política industrial del desarrollismo español

Abstract

Este artículo intenta evaluar el impacto a medio y largo plazo de las políticas de desarrollo regional durante la dictadura de Franco, en particular la referida a los polos de desarrollo entre 1964 y 1975. Duramente criticada por los economistas, la mayor parte de los razonamientos en contra de la planificación indicativa se basó en una perspectiva de corto plazo, cuando la primera crisis del petróleo golpeó a la economía española. Nuestra investigación, en primer lugar, examina la experiencia española respecto a la de la Europa occidental; en segundo, sintetiza la naturaleza y las consecuencias de las políticas industriales aplicadas y su impacto en la escala regional; y, finalmente, evalúa el efecto de los polos en aquellas provincias en las que se aplicó este instrumento de política económica.

War and city size: The asymmetric effects of the Spanish Civil War

“…The lack of more precise information is a limitation to be borne in mind when interpreting our evidence. However, the finding of an absence of a clear impact of these programs is in line with previous research done for Japan and Germany, as well as research carried out for Spain, especially regarding the program implemented immediately after the war (Carreras & Tafunell, 2004; Comín & Vallejo, 2009; De la Torre & García‐Zúñiga, 2013; De Terán, 1999; López‐Díaz, 2003).…”

Language in the process of labour market rationalisation: A sociohistorical approach across twentieth‐century Spain

“…Against the wilful waste of the autarchy, contact with the outside involved rationalisation, efficiency and objectification. Within this orientation, the Ley de Convenios Colectivos [Collective Bargaining Agreements Act] (1958) was approved (Cayuela Sánchez, 2014; De la Torre y García Zúñiga, 2013).…”

Regional economic development in the lens of the dilemma between growth poles approach and the balanced growth theory. An observatory during the Francoist regime

“…Likewise, regional economic development gained increasing relevance in policy agendas in Western Europe due to the post-war reconstruction and the need of fostering a more geographical balanced growth and to relaunch declined areas. In this context, indicative planning, a model in which the theory of growth poles played a key role in certain countries (Perroux, 1955), arose as an instrument aimed at enhancing industrial development in lagging behind regions in some European economies such as France or Spain (Broder, 2000;de la Torre and García-Zúñiga, 2013;Maluquer, 2014). However, there were many concerns about the socioeconomic implications of this approach at regional level, in terms of regional cohesion, especially regarding internal regional imbalances.…”

“…As we will see later, this was a common complaint in the journal editorials, as well as in several contributions in the Revista de Economía de Galicia. So, industrialisation strategies were defined aimed at fulfilling national macroeconomic goals (de la Torre and García-Zúñiga, 2013;Maluquer, 2014). In this regard, the Spanish development plans under the Franco's dictatorship (a total of three; from 1964 to 1975) were inspired by French indicative planning implemented originally by Charles De Gaulle in 1946 (Richardson, 1975;Broder, 2000;Maluquer, 2014).…”