“…However, authors such as Borge et al (2012), argue that online forms of engagement complement, but do not replace, those forms built in the physical environment, and do not mobilise new individuals but only reinforce the engagement of those who are already involved. For a decade, several authors have questioned that citizen participation goes in a double direction (Sampedro et al, 2008;Dader et al, 2011;Calvo et al, 2014;Dader et al, 2017, Dader et al 2014.…”