“…The partitioned method needs accurate kinematic and dynamic boundary conditions. A fluid-solid interface is usually treated with special mesh and coordinate mapping to match the two boundary conditions (Li et al, 2023;Qu et al, 2016;Sethi et al, 2022); (2) the monolithic approach (Fornberg, 1988;Komatitsch et al, 2000;Sun et al, 2021;Yu, Geng, Li, et al, 2016;, where elastic velocity-stress equation governs the wavefield in two-phase media without providing specific boundary conditions. Yu (Yu, Geng, Li, et al, 2016; substituted the synthetic pressure field into the first-order elastic velocity-stress equation, the first-order acoustic-elastic coupled equation is derived.…”