Elastic properties and apparent density of human edentulous maxilla and mandible

Abstract

The aim of this study aim was to determine whether elastic properties and apparent density of bone differ in different anatomical regions of the maxilla and mandible. Additional analyses assessed how elastic properties and apparent density were related. Four pairs of edentulous maxilla and mandibles were retrieved from fresh human cadavers. Bone samples from four anatomical regions (maxillary anterior, maxillary posterior, mandibular anterior, mandibular posterior) were obtained. Elastic modulus (EM) and hardness (H) were measured using the nano-indentation technique. Bone samples containing cortical and trabecular bone were used to measure composite apparent density (cAD) using Archimedes' principle. Statistical analyses used repeated measures ANOVA and Pearson correlations. Bone physical properties differed between regions of the maxilla and mandible. Generally, mandible had higher physical property measurements than maxilla. EM and H were higher in posterior than in anterior regions; the reverse was true for cAD. Posterior maxillary cAD was significantly lower than that in the three other regions.Keywords elastic modulus; hardness; apparent density; human maxilla; mandible Dental implants have a high success rate overall, but implants placed in the posterior maxilla often fail 2,9 . This difference in clinical performance may be linked to the bone quality in Corresponding Author: Wook-Jin Seong, 9-470 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA, TEL: (612) 625-5677, FAX: (612) 626-1496, E-MAIL: seong001@umn.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. The material properties of bone and their variations in different types and regions of bone are important for understanding how bone responds and adapts to mechanical environment changes and are essential for accurate numerical modeling. The elastic properties (elastic modulus and hardness) of the bone contacting the implant and the amount of bone (apparent density) surrounding the implant might be important factors determining implant stability and success. Numerous papers have described the physical and mechanical properties of bone, especially the long bone in the field of orthopedics. There are limited studies 8,13,16,21 on the quantitative physical properties of human mandibles in relation to anatomical regions. It is difficult to find studies measuring the physical properties of the maxilla, mainly because it is difficult to obtain maxillary test samples with the specific dimensions required for techniques such as the three point bending and compression testing, since available bone...

Measurement of Elastic Modulus and Vickers Hardness of Surround Bone Implant Using Dynamic Microindentation - Parameters Definition

“…Posterior maxilla is very important region for implant strategy for oral rehabilitation, the possibility to find an animal model with bone characteristic similar is very important for research field. Seong et al (1) calculate the elastic modulus of posterior human maxilla bone and found results that range from 13.1 to 16.4, results very similar that were found in the current study. Additionally, the turnover of the rabbit is 3 times lower than human, than other advantage is the lower time consuming for complex experiments (24).…”

“…The primary function of the stomatognathic system is preparation and processing of food through a biomechanical process of biting and chewing (1,2). This mechanism is based on the transfer of masticatory forces, mediated through the implant or intact and restored teeth.…”

Effects of the addition of fluoride to a 4-META/MMA-TBB-based resin adhesive on fluoride release, acid resistance of enamel and shear bond strength in vitro

“…The traditional Knoop microhardness test generally produces a large indentation (indentation length equivalent to a width of 5-20 enamel prisms) and is also influenced by the substrate 21) . Recent advances in the nanoindentation test allow the measurement of mechanical properties for extremely small volumes of material, and both the hardness and the elastic modulus can be determined simultaneously [22][23][24][25] . However, microradiography is a better analysis method if it is important to know mineral content profiles, because a previous research 28) reported that there was a moderate linear relationship (R 2 =0.81) between mineral content and the square root of hardness by nanoindentation testing.…”

Effects of CO₂ laser irradiation combined with fluoride application on the demineralization, mechanical properties, structure, and composition of enamel

“…The traditional Knoop microhardness test generally produces a large indentation (indentation length equivalent to a width of 5-20 enamel prisms) and is also influenced by the substrate 23) . However, recent advances in nanoindentation tests now allow the measurement of mechanical properties of extremely small volumes of material, and the hardness and elastic modulus can be determined simultaneously [25][26][27][28][29] . In the present study, a depth-dependent analysis of the enamel surface region was performed with an isotropic voxel size of 3.6 µm in µCT scanning images and with a 5-µm interval for indentations in nanoindentation testing.…”