“…de Borst [15] presented the von-Mises elastoplastic model and analyzed the localization under static and dynamic loading [17], but this model is more suitable for metals rather than granular materials. For geomaterials such as stone and soil, de Borst [16] proposed the pressure dependent J 2 -flow theory for micropolar continuum, which is widely adopted in geomechanics [25,39,58]. Besides, many studies are conducted based on the micropolar hypoplasticity model [24,61,62].…”