Electric conductance method for the assessment of liquid–gas injection into a large gas–solid fluidized bed

ZirGachian, M. Ali; Soleimani, Mehran; Briens, Cédric; Berruti, Franco

doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2012.10.006

Cited by 10 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The fluidized solid particles were silica sand particles that were fluidized at a superficial gas velocity of 0.15 m/s (see ZirGachian et al for more information on particle properties, which belonged to Geldart's group B). Deionized water was atomized with nitrogen into the bed using a commercial‐scale nozzle with the same size and configuration as in a Fluid Coker . This commercial‐scale nozzle is called a TEB nozzle, using the initials of one of its inventors…”

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, as opposed to the previous study, a cylindrical draft tube was mounted coaxially, downstream of the spray nozzle. The internal diameter (D) of the draft tube was 103 mm and the length (L) was 380 mm.…”

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calibration experiments showed that the local bed conductance can be directly related to the local free moisture in the bed, i.e. the concentration of liquid that is not trapped in wet agglomerates …”

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liquid distribution is greatly affected by the flow rate of atomization gas . Increasing the atomization Gas to Liquid mass Ratio (GLR) improves the liquid distribution on the fluidized particles . Other studies have confirmed the beneficial impact of a draft tube on the distribution of liquid sprayed in a fluidized bed …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The objective of the present paper is, therefore, to evaluate the effect of a cylindrical draft tube installed downstream of the nozzle on the distribution of liquid sprayed into a fluidized bed with a commercial size nozzle, and to compare the results with that of the previous study with the same nozzle, but without the draft tube . This evaluation will be performed over a wide range of atomization gas flow rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of a draft tube on industrial‐scale Fluid Coker™ Spray Jets in fluidized beds

et al. 2017

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In fluidized bed reactors such as Fluid Cokers TM , liquid injections are used. Good contact between liquid and bed solids is required to maximize product yields and quality, and gas-atomized nozzles are, therefore, used in all these processes. The spray nozzle technology is known to affect the liquid distribution. Therefore, the objective of this study is to assess the effect on liquid distribution of a draft tube located downstream of the spray nozzle, inside the fluidized bed. Experiments were conducted at a relevant scale, using a commercial-scale nozzle with a liquid flow rate of about 100 L/min in a large-scale pilot fluid bed containing about 7 tonnes of silica sand. Liquid injected into a fluidized bed either forms liquid-solid agglomerates or free moisture, consisting of individual particles coated with a thin layer of liquid. Several electrodes were used to map the free moisture distribution throughout the bed. A draft tube greatly improves the contact efficiency throughout the bed. It also increases the penetration of the gas-liquid jet formed by spray inside the fluidized bed.

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Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of a draft tube on industrial‐scale Fluid Coker™ Spray Jets in fluidized beds

et al. 2017

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Jets in Fluidized Beds

Briens

McMillan

2020

Essentials of Fluidization Technology

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Experimental study of liquid vaporization in a fluidized bed

et al. 2022

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Liquid injection into a gas-solid fluidized bed has been applied in various industries, such as coating and granulation processes in pharmaceutical and food industries, reactor cooling in polyolefin production, fluid catalytic cracking, and fluid coking in the petroleum industry. A new experimental method has been successfully developed to monitor the vaporization rate of a liquid injected into a fluidized bed. In addition, it can be used to determine the mass of liquid accumulated in the bed at a steady state. With this new method, measurements have identified three phenomena that may increase the amount of liquid accumulated at steady state in a fluidized bed. (1) Gas mixing affects vaporization when the bed temperature is lower than the liquid boiling point. In liquid-rich regions of the bed, local vapour may build up, limiting the vaporization rate. Consequently, suitable emulsion to bubble gas transfer reduces the amount of accumulated liquid. (2) Solids mixing: hot particles from the rest of the bed must mix with the wetted particles to provide enough heat for vaporization. Good solids mixing reduces the amount of accumulated liquid.(3) Wet agglomerates formation: liquid trapped within wet agglomerates takes much longer to vaporize. The amount of accumulated liquid can be reduced by injecting the liquid in a well-agitated bed region, operating at a higher bed temperature, or increasing the flowrate of atomization gas.

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Electric conductance method for the assessment of liquid–gas injection into a large gas–solid fluidized bed

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

Impact of a draft tube on industrial‐scale Fluid Coker™ Spray Jets in fluidized beds

Impact of a draft tube on industrial‐scale Fluid Coker™ Spray Jets in fluidized beds

Jets in Fluidized Beds

Experimental study of liquid vaporization in a fluidized bed

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