Electric energy density of dielectric nanocomposites

Li, Jiangyu; Zhang, L.; Ducharme, Stephen

doi:10.1063/1.2716847

Cited by 281 publications

(220 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Polymer nanocomposites, consisting of high-K ceramic fillers dispersed in polymer matrix, have been extensively studied toward these ends (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). However, a well-known paradox is that inherently high loss is associated with high-K materials (17). Thereby, the seeming increase in the energy density arisen from…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sandwich-structured polymer nanocomposites with high energy density and great charge–discharge efficiency at elevated temperatures

Liu

Yang

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

350

202

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The demand for a new generation of high-temperature dielectric materials toward capacitive energy storage has been driven by the rise of high-power applications such as electric vehicles, aircraft, and pulsed power systems where the power electronics are exposed to elevated temperatures. Polymer dielectrics are characterized by being lightweight, and their scalability, mechanical flexibility, high dielectric strength, and great reliability, but they are limited to relatively low operating temperatures. The existing polymer nanocomposite-based dielectrics with a limited energy density at high temperatures also present a major barrier to achieving significant reductions in size and weight of energy devices. Here we report the sandwich structures as an efficient route to high-temperature dielectric polymer nanocomposites that simultaneously possess high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss. In contrast to the conventional single-layer configuration, the rationally designed sandwich-structured polymer nanocomposites are capable of integrating the complementary properties of spatially organized multicomponents in a synergistic fashion to raise dielectric constant, and subsequently greatly improve discharged energy densities while retaining low loss and high charge-discharge efficiency at elevated temperatures. At 150°C and 200 MV m −1 , an operating condition toward electric vehicle applications, the sandwich-structured polymer nanocomposites outperform the state-of-the-art polymer-based dielectrics in terms of energy density, power density, charge-discharge efficiency, and cyclability. The excellent dielectric and capacitive properties of the polymer nanocomposites may pave a way for widespread applications in modern electronics and power modules where harsh operating conditions are present.electrical energy storage | dielectric | polymer nanocomposites | capacitors | high temperature F ilm capacitors store electrical energy in dielectric materials in the form of an electrostatic field between two electrodes. They possess the highest power density (on the order of megawatts) and the best rate capability (on the order of microseconds) among the electrical energy storage devices and are critical for power electronics, power conditioning, and pulsed power applications (1-3). For instance, DC bus capacitors are essential components in the power inverters of electric vehicles for the conversion of direct current to alternating current, which is required to drive the vehicle's motor. Compared with ceramics, polymeric materials offer inherent advantages for capacitors, including their light weight, facile processability, scalability, high breakdown strength, and graceful failure mechanism (1-5). However, dielectric polymers often suffer from low operating temperatures, which fall short of the emerging demands for energy storage and conversion in harsh environments commonly present in automobile, aerospace power systems, and advanced microelectronics (6, 7). For example, to accommodate biaxially oriented polypropylen...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sandwich-structured polymer nanocomposites with high energy density and great charge–discharge efficiency at elevated temperatures

Liu

Yang

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

350

202

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“…10 For example, high electric fields can be found close to filler particles or defects in a matrix because of dielectric constant mismatch as found in nanocomposites. [11][12] As smaller insulator volumes are probed, fewer defects are encountered, which tends to increase the breakdown strength towards an ultimate intrinsic limit. 13 C-AFM was originally used in the 1990's as a technique to investigate electrical breakdown of nanoscale materials, [14][15] with significant effort concentrated on evaluating the breakdown of silica and hafnia inorganic insulating layers for transistor gate applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Silane Coupling Agent Chemistry on Electrical Breakdown Across Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Insulating Films

Diebold

Gordon

Clarke

2014

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Dielectric breakdown measurements were conducted on self-assembled monolayer (SAM)/native silicon oxide hybrid dielectrics using conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM). By depositing silane coupling agents (SCAs) through a diffusional barrier layer, SAM roughness was decoupled from chemistry to compare the chemical effects of exposed R-group functionality on * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Electronic mail: rdiebold@seas.harvard.edu. 2 dielectric breakdown. Using Weibull and current-voltage (I-V) analysis, the breakdown strength was observed to be independent of SCA R-group length, and the addition of a SAM was seen to improve the breakdown strength relative to native silicon oxide by up to 158%. Fluorinated SCAs were observed to suppress tunneling leakage and exhibited increased breakdown strength relative to their hydrocarbon analogs. Electron trapping, scattering, or attachment processes inherent to the fluorinated moieties are thought to be the origin of the improved breakdown properties.

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“…Examples are effective dielectric susceptibilities (static and dynamic dielectric response of inhomogeneous media, materials with negative index of refraction) [10,21], effective magnetic permeability [4,10,22,23], optical properties [S, 21], mechanical composites (elasticity of reinforced construction materials and filled polymers, such as car tires) [12,20,23,24], geoscience [17], rheology (viscosity and viscoelasticity of colloidal suspensions, such as blood, food, gels) [25], electrical conduction (insulating inclusions in metals and metal-superconductor composites) [10,26,27], thermal conduction (heat insulation using composite construction materials) [10], and diffusivity (hydrogen transport) [10]. In general, both isotropic and anisotropic composites can be treated [26, 23, 2S, 29].…”

Section: Scientific Background: Bruggeman Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Length scales of interactions in magnetic, dielectric, and mechanical nanocomposites

et al. 2011

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It is investigated how figures of merits of nanocomposites are affected by structural and interaction length scales, Aside from macroscopic effects without characteristic lengths scales and atomic-scale quantum-mechanical interactions there are nanoscale interactions that reflect a competition between different energy contributions. We consider three systems, namely dielectric media, carbon-black reinforced rubbers and magnetic composites. In all cases, it is relatively easy to determine effective materials constants, which do not involve specific length scales. Nucleation and breakdown phenomena tend to occur on a nanoscale and yield a logarithmic dependence of figures of merit on the macroscopic system size. Essential system-specific differences arise because figures of merits are generally nonlinear energy integrals. Furthermore, different physical interactions yield different length scales. For example, the interaction in magnetic hardsoft composites reflects the competition between relativistic anisotropy and nonrelativistic exchange interactions, but such hierarchies of interactions are more difficult to establish in mechanical polymer composites and dielectrics.

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Electric energy density of dielectric nanocomposites

Cited by 281 publications

References 24 publications

Sandwich-structured polymer nanocomposites with high energy density and great charge–discharge efficiency at elevated temperatures

Sandwich-structured polymer nanocomposites with high energy density and great charge–discharge efficiency at elevated temperatures

Effect of Silane Coupling Agent Chemistry on Electrical Breakdown Across Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Insulating Films

Length scales of interactions in magnetic, dielectric, and mechanical nanocomposites

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