Electric potential variations associated with yearly lake level variations

Perrier, Frédéric; Trique, Michael; Lorne, Benoit; Avouac, J. P.; Hautot, Sophie; Tarits, Pascal

doi:10.1029/98gl01139

Cited by 47 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The second area of research is monitoring the change in subsurface hydrological parameters and determining in situ EK parameters by injecting water through borehole wells (Wurmstich and Morgan 1994; Murakami et al 2001;Pinettes et al 2002;Marquis et al 2002;Rizzo et al 2004). The seasonal water level change in artificial lakes or the change of water flux in springs or geysers can also be used for the same purpose (Perrier et al 1998Trique et al 1999Trique et al , 2002. The third topic concerns the EK effect as a possible source of seismic precursory electromagnetic phenomena.…”

Section: Electric Polarizationmentioning

confidence: 98%

EM Monitoring of Crustal Processes Including the Use of the Network-MT Observations

Uyeshima

2007

Surv Geophys

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There are several kinds of coupling mechanisms which can convert mechanical, chemical or thermal energies due to seismic or volcanic activities into electromagnetic energies. As a result of concentrated efforts in laboratory and theoretical research, the basic relationship between the intensity of electromagnetic sources and changes in mechanical, chemical and thermal state is becoming established. Also with the progress of the electromagnetic simulation techniques, it has been possible to evaluate in situ sensitivity. Based on this progress and also due to extensive improvement in measuring techniques, many field experiments have been performed to elucidate subsurface geophysical processes underlying the preparation stage, onset, and subsequent healing stage of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. In volcanic studies, many studies have reported the measurement of electromagnetic signals which were successfully interpreted in terms of various driving mechanisms. Although there have been numerous reports about the existence of precursory electromagnetic signals in seismic studies, only a few of them could be successfully explained by the proposed mechanisms, whereas coseismic phenomena are often consistent with those mechanisms including the absence of detectable signals. In many cases, one or two orders of higher sensitivity were required, especially for precursory signals. Generally, electromagnetic methods are more sensitive to near-surface phenomena. It will be necessary to discriminate electromagnetic signals due to these near-surface sources, which often possess no relationship with the crustal activities. Further efforts to enhance in situ sensitivity through improvements in observation techniques and in data processing techniques are recommended. At the same time, multi-disciplinary confirmation against the validity of electromagnetic phenomena will inevitably be necessary. A Network-MT observation technique has been developed to determine large-scale deep electrical conductivity structure. In the method, a telephone line network or purpose-built long baseline cables are utilized to measure voltage differences with long electrode separations. Because of the averaging effect of the electric fields, static shift problems due to small-scale, nearsurface lateral heterogeneities can be alleviated. Several field experiments revealed regional scale deep electrical conductivity structures related to slab subduction or its M. Uyeshima (stagnation, which enable us to elucidate underlying physical processes caused by the slab motion. The technique can also be applied to monitor the electric potential field related to crustal activities. The annual variation of the potential field and electrical conductivity in the French Alps were interpreted to be caused by the annual variation of lake water level. The method was also used to monitor the regional scale spatio-temporal variation of the SP field and electrical conductivity before and at the onset of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

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Section: Electric Polarizationmentioning

confidence: 98%

EM Monitoring of Crustal Processes Including the Use of the Network-MT Observations

Uyeshima

2007

Surv Geophys

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“…There are several very promising quantitative investigations reported in the recent literature showing clear selfpotential signals associated with groundwater flow in field conditions. For example, Perrier et al (1998) recorded electrical potential variations associated with the variations of the level of two lakes in the French Alps and the resulting groundwater flow and deformation over a period of several years. Once the redox component of the selfpotential signals was removed (this component was associated with the presence of graphite in the sedimentary formations), the residual self-potential signals showed an excellent correlation with the time variation of the difference in elevation of the two lakes.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Some low-frequency electrical methods for subsurface characterization and monitoring in hydrogeology

et al. 2012

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Low-frequency geoelectrical methods include mainly self-potential, resistivity, and induced polarization techniques, which have potential in many environmental and hydrogeological applications. They provide complementary information to each other and to in-situ measurements. The self-potential method is a passive measurement of the electrical response associated with the in-situ generation of electrical current due to the flow of pore water in porous media, a salinity gradient, and/or the concentration of redoxactive species. Under some conditions, this method can be used to visualize groundwater flow, to determine permeability, and to detect preferential flow paths. Electrical resistivity is dependent on the water content, the temperature, the salinity of the pore water, and the clay content and mineralogy. Time-lapse resistivity can be used to assess the permeability and dispersivity distributions and to monitor contaminant plumes. Induced polarization characterizes the ability of rocks to reversibly store electrical energy. It can be used to image permeability and to monitor chemistry of the pore water-minerals interface. These geophysical methods, reviewed in this paper, should always be used in concert with additional in-situ measurements (e.g. in-situ pumping tests, chemical measurements of the pore water), for instance through joint inversion schemes, which is an area of fertile on-going research.

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“…The results of PERRIER et al (1998) andTRIQUE et al (1999) do not enlighten us regarding the possible ability of streaming potentials to generate observable anomalies with deep buried sources (>100 m). The physical conditions at depth are generally far different from those in the laboratory (different pH, temperature, pressure and characteristic lengths, etc.).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

On the Difficulty of Detecting Streaming Potentials Generated at Depth

Pinettes¹,

Bernard²,

Cornet³

et al. 2002

Pure and Applied Geophysics

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In order to investigate how a streaming potential coefficient measured in the laboratory, at a typical scale of 10 cm, can be incorporated into a field model, with a typical scale of 1 to 10 km, we measured the electric field induced by water flows forced at 150 m depth through a 10-m wide granite fractured zone. The water flows were obtained by pumping cyclically 10 m of water from a borehole that cut the fractured zone at depth, and contemporaneously reinjecting it into another borehole located 50 m away. After one day a steady-state fluid flow regime was reached, with pumping cycles lasting 45 minutes, indicating a hydraulic conductivity of 10 À5 m s À1 and a specific storage coefficient of 3:25 Â 10 À6 m À1 . The expected self-potential at the surface was an anomaly with two maxima of opposite sign and 2 lV amplitude each, both located 160 m away from the middle of the borehole heads, the signal being divided by two 500 m away from the middle of the borehole heads (in agreement with WURMSTICH and MORGAN, 1994). Instead, we observed an electrical signal of 8 mV midway between the borehole heads, and smaller than 5 mV, 33 m away from the borehole heads. The discrepancy observed between the data and the model can be explained by fluid flow leakages that occurred close to the water-table head, represented about 20% of the total water flow, and activated smaller but closer electric sources. This experiment thus illustrates the practical difficulty of detecting streaming potentials generated at depth. It shows in particular that in fractured zones, and hence in the vicinity of a major active fault small water flows located distantly from an energetic targeted source, but close to some of the electrodes of the network, can sometimes drastically distort the shape of the expected anomaly. Models of possible electrical earthquake precursors therefore turn out to be more speculative than expected.

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Electric potential variations associated with yearly lake level variations

Abstract: Abstract. Electric potential variations have been recorded from

Cited by 47 publications

References 18 publications

EM Monitoring of Crustal Processes Including the Use of the Network-MT Observations

EM Monitoring of Crustal Processes Including the Use of the Network-MT Observations

Review: Some low-frequency electrical methods for subsurface characterization and monitoring in hydrogeology

On the Difficulty of Detecting Streaming Potentials Generated at Depth

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