Electric Vehicle Charger Placement Optimization in Michigan Considering Monthly Traffic Demand and Battery Performance Variations

Abstract

Limited charging infrastructure for electric vehicles (EVs) is one of the main barriers to adoption of these vehicles. In conjunction with limited battery range, the lack of charging infrastructure leads to range-anxiety, which may discourage many potential users. This problem is especially important for long-distance or intercity trips. Monthly traffic patterns and battery performance variations are two main contributing factors in defining the infrastructure needs of EV users, particularly in states with adverse weather conditions. Knowing this, the current study focuses on Michigan and its future needs to support the intercity trips of EVs across the state in two target years of 2020 and 2030, considering monthly traffic demand and battery performance variations. This study incorporates a recently developed modeling framework to suggest the optimal locations of fast EV chargers to be implemented in Michigan. Considering demand and battery performance variations is the major contribution of the current study to the proposed modeling framework by the same authors in the literature. Furthermore, many stakeholders in Michigan are engaged to estimate the input parameters. Therefore, the research study can be used by authorities as an applied model for optimal allocation of resources to place EV fast chargers. The results show that for charger placement, the reduced battery performance in cold weather is a more critical factor than the increased demand in warm seasons. To support foreseeable annual EV trips in Michigan in 2030, this study suggests 36 charging stations with 490 chargers and an investment cost of $23 million.

High-Performance Control Simulation of PFC Converter for Electric Vehicle Charger

“…In recent years, electric vehicles powered by clean energy have developed vigorously, contributing to energy conservation, emission reduction, and environmental protection [17]. Corresponding onboard chargers for electric vehicles have also become a new industry, as the connection between the power grid and the power battery of electric vehicles, they must have the function of power factor correction [18]. Boost circuit is widely used in PFC technology because of its simple topology, high efciency, and easy control; its energy storage inductor can suppress electromagnetic interference and radio frequency interference and can achieve larger output power [19].…”

Charging Infrastructure and Schedule Planning for a Public Transit Network with a Mixed Fleet of Electric and Diesel Buses

“…In this section, the impact of adverse weather conditions on investment and operation strategies is studied. It is assumed that in such conditions, BEBs’ range would drop to 70% of their actual range ( 37 , 39 , 59 , 60 ). Therefore, they require more frequent charging events.…”

Macro Analysis to Estimate Electric Vehicles Fast-Charging Infrastructure Requirements in Small Urban Areas

“…The urban trajectories for all major cities in Michigan are extracted for this study. It is important to note that only the urban trajectories are considered, and the intercity trajectories are not in the scope of this study, which is studied thoroughly in some recent studies in the literature ( 4, 8, 39–41 ).…”