Electrical breakdown in tissue electroporation

Guenther, Enric; Klein, Nina; Mikus, Paul; Stehling, Michael K.; Rubinsky, Boris

doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.072

Cited by 45 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This phenomenon was studied on gel phantom and measured using ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, microphone and optical recording. The authors showed that electrical breakdown occurs across ionized electrolysis near the electrodes (mostly near the cathode), causing loud sounds, sparking and high currents [341]. …”

Section: Gene Electrotransfer – In Vivo Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Electrotransfer: A Mechanistic Perspective

Rosazza¹,

Meglič²,

Zumbusch³

et al. 2016

CGT

181

142

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Gene electrotransfer is a powerful method of DNA delivery offering several medical applications, among the most promising of which are DNA vaccination and gene therapy for cancer treatment. Electroporation entails the application of electric fields to cells which then experience a local and transient change of membrane permeability. Although gene electrotransfer has been extensively studied in in vitro and in vivo environments, the mechanisms by which DNA enters and navigates through cells are not fully understood. Here we present a comprehensive review of the body of knowledge concerning gene electrotransfer that has been accumulated over the last three decades. For that purpose, after briefly reviewing the medical applications that gene electrotransfer can provide, we outline membrane electropermeabilization, a key process for the delivery of DNA and smaller molecules. Since gene electrotransfer is a multipart process, we proceed our review in describing step by step our current understanding, with particular emphasis on DNA internalization and intracellular trafficking. Finally, we turn our attention to in vivo testing and methodology for gene electrotransfer.

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Section: Gene Electrotransfer – In Vivo Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Electrotransfer: A Mechanistic Perspective

Rosazza¹,

Meglič²,

Zumbusch³

et al. 2016

CGT

181

142

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, these applications require direct contact between the applicator, electrodes and the biological sample. Therefore, despite many applications, the methodology has considerable limitations such as the dependence of PEF distribution on the dielectric properties of the sample (Corovic et al, 2013; Peyman et al, 2015; Campana et al, 2016a; Liu et al, 2016), presence of electrochemical reactions in the electrode-electrolyte or tissue interfaces (Pataro et al, 2015) and the possibility of electrical breakdown between the electrodes (Guenther et al, 2015; Rubinsky et al, 2016). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane permeabilization of mammalian cells using bursts of high magnetic field pulses

Novickij

Dermol

Grainys

et al. 2017

PeerJ

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BackgroundCell membrane permeabilization by pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) is a novel contactless method which results in effects similar to conventional electroporation. The non-invasiveness of the methodology, independence from the biological object homogeneity and electrical conductance introduce high flexibility and potential applicability of the PEMF in biomedicine, food processing, and biotechnology. The inferior effectiveness of the PEMF permeabilization compared to standard electroporation and the lack of clear description of the induced transmembrane transport are currently of major concern.MethodsThe PEMF permeabilization experiments have been performed using a 5.5 T, 1.2 J pulse generator with a multilayer inductor as an applicator. We investigated the feasibility to increase membrane permeability of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells using short microsecond (15 µs) pulse bursts (100 or 200 pulses) at low frequency (1 Hz) and high dB/dt (>106 T/s). The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry using two different fluorescent dyes: propidium iodide (PI) and YO-PRO®-1 (YP). The results were compared to conventional electroporation (single pulse, 1.2 kV/cm, 100 µs), i.e., positive control.ResultsThe proposed PEMF protocols (both for 100 and 200 pulses) resulted in increased number of permeable cells (70 ± 11% for PI and 67 ± 9% for YP). Both cell permeabilization assays also showed a significant (8 ± 2% for PI and 35 ± 14% for YP) increase in fluorescence intensity indicating membrane permeabilization. The survival was not affected.DiscussionThe obtained results demonstrate the potential of PEMF as a contactless treatment for achieving reversible permeabilization of biological cells. Similar to electroporation, the PEMF permeabilization efficacy is influenced by pulse parameters in a dose-dependent manner.

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“…We believe that the effect we observed is related to the electrical discharge across electrolytically produced layer of gas around the electrodes. We have shown in (Guenther et al, 2015) that the electrical discharge across this layer of gas plays a major contribution to the observed violent motion of the electroporated object. We have also shown that this motion occurs primarily during the later pulses in a series of pulse experiments, when the electrolytically produced gas layer becomes substantial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Every clinical electroporation protocols, reversible or irreversible, generates some products of electrolysis, and some heat (Turjanski et al, 2011; Maglietti et al, 2013). We have recently shown that if substantial amounts of products of electrolysis are inadvertently generated during an electroporation protocol, a highly detrimental electrical discharge across the layer of gas formed on the electrodes can occur (Guenther et al, 2015). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single exponential decay waveform; a synergistic combination of electroporation and electrolysis (E2) for tissue ablation

Klein

Guenther

Mikus³

et al. 2017

PeerJ

Self Cite

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BackgroundElectrolytic ablation and electroporation based ablation are minimally invasive, non-thermal surgical technologies that employ electrical currents and electric fields to ablate undesirable cells in a volume of tissue. In this study, we explore the attributes of a new tissue ablation technology that simultaneously delivers a synergistic combination of electroporation and electrolysis (E2).MethodA new device that delivers a controlled dose of electroporation field and electrolysis currents in the form of a single exponential decay waveform (EDW) was applied to the pig liver, and the effect of various parameters on the extent of tissue ablation was examined with histology.ResultsHistological analysis shows that E2 delivered as EDW can produce tissue ablation in volumes of clinical significance, using electrical and temporal parameters which, if used in electroporation or electrolysis separately, cannot ablate the tissue.DiscussionThe E2 combination has advantages over the three basic technologies of non-thermal ablation: electrolytic ablation, electrochemical ablation (reversible electroporation with injection of drugs) and irreversible electroporation. E2 ablates clinically relevant volumes of tissue in a shorter period of time than electrolysis and electroporation, without the need to inject drugs as in reversible electroporation or use paralyzing anesthesia as in irreversible electroporation.

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Electrical breakdown in tissue electroporation

Cited by 45 publications

References 19 publications

Gene Electrotransfer: A Mechanistic Perspective

Gene Electrotransfer: A Mechanistic Perspective

Membrane permeabilization of mammalian cells using bursts of high magnetic field pulses

Single exponential decay waveform; a synergistic combination of electroporation and electrolysis (E2) for tissue ablation

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